Pandit-Bhalla Meenakshi, Diethelm Lisa, Espenan Gregory
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans 70112, USA.
J Thorac Imaging. 2002 Jul;17(3):211-3. doi: 10.1097/00005382-200207000-00005.
The objective of this article was to determine the frequency of referrals for portable chest radiographs from medical and (noncardiac) surgical intensive care units (NICU and SICU) and their respective stepdown units (NICA and SICA). Additionally, the cumulative entrance skin exposure (ESE) using an ion chamber was determined. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all adult patients admitted to the MICU, SICU, MICA, and SICA at a tertiary referral center during a 6-month interval. The duration of stay and the number of portable chest radiographs were determined for each patient. The measured ESEs from all portable radiography units ranged from 5 to15 mR (average: 10mR). The cumulative radiation exposure for each patient was calculated. There were 567 patients admitted to the units: 146 surgical and 421 medical. Their ages ranged from 15 to 87 years. The duration of stay varied from 1 to 68 days. A total of 3,794 portable chest radiographs were obtained. The number of radiographs per patient varied from 1 to 94. The number of radiographs and the corresponding cumulative radiation doses were as follows: 406 patients (72%) had fewer than five radiographs (<50 mR); 76 (13%) had five to 10 radiographs (<100 mR); 35 (6%) had 11 to 20 (<200 mR); and 50 (9%) had more than 20 chest radiographs (>200 mR). The cumulative ESE ranged from 10 to 940 mR. It exceeded 450 mR in only nine (1.5%) patients. Most (73%) patients undergoing intensive care undergo fewer than five radiographs during their stay in the units. Patient exposure from portable chest radiographs in this population is less than the average annual exposure from background radiation in the USA (450-500 mR), and is much less than the average annual exposure from teratogenic radiation.
本文的目的是确定来自内科和（非心脏）外科重症监护病房（NICU和SICU）及其各自的降级病房（NICA和SICA）的便携式胸部X光检查转诊频率。此外，还使用电离室测定了累积入射皮肤剂量（ESE）。我们回顾性分析了一家三级转诊中心在6个月期间入住MICU、SICU、MICA和SICA的所有成年患者的病历。确定了每位患者的住院时间和便携式胸部X光检查的次数。所有便携式X光设备测得的ESE范围为5至15 mR（平均：10 mR）。计算了每位患者的累积辐射剂量。共有567名患者入住这些病房：146名外科患者和421名内科患者。他们的年龄在15至87岁之间。住院时间从1天到68天不等。共获得3794张便携式胸部X光片。每位患者的X光片数量从1张到94张不等。X光片数量及相应的累积辐射剂量如下：406名患者（72%）的X光片少于5张（<50 mR）；76名（13%）有5至10张X光片（<100 mR）；35名（6%）有11至20张（<200 mR）；50名（9%）有超过20张胸部X光片（>200 mR）。累积ESE范围为10至940 mR。只有9名（1.5%）患者超过450 mR。大多数（73%）接受重症监护的患者在住院期间接受的X光片少于5张。该人群中便携式胸部X光检查对患者的辐射暴露低于美国背景辐射的年均暴露量（450 - 500 mR），且远低于致畸辐射的年均暴露量。
