Arnason Byron T, Hart Lynette A, O'Connell-Rodwell Caitlin E
Tezar Inc., Austin, Texas, USA.
J Comp Psychol. 2002 Jun;116(2):123-32. doi: 10.1037/0735-7036.116.2.123.
Geophysical properties of acoustic, seismic, electric, and magnetic waveforms create opportunities and constraints for animals' communication and sensory monitoring of the environment. The geometric spreading of waves differs; at some frequencies, transmission is most efficient and has minimal noise. The spreading properties of seismic waves favor long-distance propagation for communication and environmental monitoring, and would benefit elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana), such as in locating subsurface water. Extending C. E. O'Connell-Rodwell, B. T. Amason, and L. A. Hart (2000), a man jumping at 1.11 km propagated seismic waves at 10-40 Hz. Given the noise of lightning and the Schumann resonances, near field magnetic and electric transmission by animals would be most efficient around 1000 Hz.
声学、地震、电和磁波形的地球物理特性为动物的交流和环境感知监测创造了机会并带来了限制。波的几何扩散情况各不相同；在某些频率下，传播效率最高且噪声最小。地震波的扩散特性有利于长距离传播以进行通信和环境监测，这对大象（亚洲象和非洲象）有益，比如有助于定位地下水。扩展C. E. 奥康奈尔 - 罗德韦尔、B. T. 阿马森和L. A. 哈特（2000年）的研究发现，一个人跳跃能在1.11千米处传播10 - 40赫兹的地震波。考虑到闪电噪声和舒曼共振现象，动物的近场磁和电传输在1000赫兹左右效率最高。
