van Heerden J, Bingham J, van Vuuren M, Burroughs R E J, Stylianides E
ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, South Africa.
J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2002 Mar;73(1):8-12. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v73i1.541.
Wild dogs Lycaon pictuis (n = 8) were vaccinated 4 times against canine distemper (n = 8) (initially with inactivated and subsequently with live attenuated strains of canine distemper) and canine parvovirus infection (n = 8) over a period of 360 days. Four of the wild dogs were also vaccinated 3 times against rabies using a live oral vaccine and 4 with an inactivated parenteral vaccine. Commercially-available canine distemper, canine parvovirus and parenteral rabies vaccines, intended for use in domestic dogs, were used. None of the vaccinated dogs showed any untoward clinical signs. The inactivated canine distemper vaccine did not result in seroconversion whereas the attenuated live vaccine resulted in seroconversion in all wild dogs. Presumably protective concentrations of antibodies to canine distemper virus were present in all wild dogs for at least 451 days. Canine parvovirus haemagglutination inhibition titres were present in all wild dogs prior to the administration of vaccine and protective concentrations persisted for at least 451 days. Vaccination against parvovirus infection resulted in a temporary increase in canine parvovirus haemagglutination inhibition titres in most dogs. Administration of both inactivated parenteral and live oral rabies vaccine initially resulted in seroconversion in 7 of 8 dogs. These titres, however, dropped to very low concentrations within 100 days. Booster administrations resulted in increased antibody concentrations in all dogs. It was concluded that the vaccines were safe to use in healthy subadult wild dogs and that a vaccination protocol in free-ranging wild dogs should at least incorporate booster vaccinations against rabies 3-6 months after the first inoculation.
在360天的时间里，对8只非洲野犬（Lycaon pictus）进行了4次疫苗接种，分别针对犬瘟热（8只）（最初使用灭活疫苗，随后使用犬瘟热减毒活疫苗）和犬细小病毒感染（8只）。其中4只野犬还使用口服狂犬病活疫苗进行了3次狂犬病疫苗接种，另外4只使用了非肠道注射狂犬病灭活疫苗。使用的是市售的、用于家犬的犬瘟热、犬细小病毒和非肠道注射狂犬病疫苗。所有接种疫苗的野犬均未出现任何不良临床症状。犬瘟热灭活疫苗未导致血清转化，而减毒活疫苗在所有野犬中均导致血清转化。所有野犬体内针对犬瘟热病毒的抗体浓度可能具有保护性，且至少持续了451天。在接种疫苗前，所有野犬体内均存在犬细小病毒血凝抑制效价，且保护性浓度至少持续了451天。接种针对细小病毒感染的疫苗后，大多数野犬的犬细小病毒血凝抑制效价暂时升高。非肠道注射狂犬病灭活疫苗和口服狂犬病活疫苗接种后，最初8只野犬中有7只出现血清转化。然而，这些效价在第100天内降至非常低的浓度。加强接种后，所有野犬的抗体浓度均升高。得出的结论是，这些疫苗对健康的亚成年野犬使用是安全的，并且在自由放养的野犬中进行疫苗接种方案应至少在首次接种后3至六个月进行狂犬病加强接种。
