Hocking Martin B
Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Rev Environ Health. 2002 Jan-Mar;17(1):1-49. doi: 10.1515/reveh.2002.17.1.1.
The small air space available per person in a fully occupied aircraft passenger cabin accentuates the human bioeffluent factor in the maintenance of air quality. The accumulation of carbon dioxide and other contributions to poor air quality that can occur with inadequate ventilation, even under normal circumstances, is related to the volume of available air space per person and various ventilation rates. This information is compared with established air quality guidelines to make specific recommendations with reference to aircraft passenger cabins under both normal and abnormal operating conditions. The effects of respiration on the air quality of any enclosed space from the respiration of a resting adult are estimated using standard equations. Results are given for different volumes of space per person, for zero air exchange, and for various air change rates. The required ventilation rates estimated in this way compared closely with results calculated using a standard empirical formula. The results confirm that the outside air ventilation required to achieve a target carbon dioxide concentration in the air of an occupied enclosed space remains the same regardless of the volume of that space. The outside air ventilation capability of older and more recent aircraft is then reviewed and compared with the actual measurements of cabin air quality for these periods. The correlation between calculated and measured aircraft cabin carbon dioxide concentrations from other studies was very good. Respiratory benefits and costs of returning to the 30% higher outside air ventilation rates and 8% higher cabin pressures of the 1960s and 1970s are outlined. Consideration is given to the occasional occurrence of certain types of aircraft malfunction that can introduce more serious contaminants to the aircraft cabin. Recommendations and suggestions for aircraft builders and operators are made that will help improve aircraft cabin air quality and the partial pressure of oxygen that is available to passengers at minimal cost. Also suggested are some measures that passengers can take to help improve their comfort and decrease their risk of illness, particularly on long-haul flights.
在满载乘客的飞机客舱中，每人可用的狭小空间突出了人体生物排泄物对空气质量维持的影响。即使在正常情况下，通风不足时二氧化碳的积聚以及其他导致空气质量变差的因素，都与每人可用的空气空间体积和各种通风率有关。将这些信息与既定的空气质量指南进行比较，以便针对飞机客舱在正常和异常运行条件下提出具体建议。使用标准方程式估算休息状态下成年人呼吸对任何封闭空间空气质量的影响。给出了不同人均空间体积、零空气交换以及各种换气率的结果。通过这种方式估算出的所需通风率与使用标准经验公式计算的结果非常接近。结果证实，在有人占用的封闭空间中，为达到目标二氧化碳浓度所需的外部空气通风量与该空间的体积无关。然后回顾并比较了老式飞机和新型飞机的外部空气通风能力，以及这些时期客舱空气质量的实际测量值。其他研究中计算得出的和测量得到的飞机客舱二氧化碳浓度之间的相关性非常好。概述了恢复到20世纪60年代和70年代高出30%的外部空气通风率和高出8%的客舱压力所带来的呼吸方面的益处和成本。考虑到偶尔会发生某些类型的飞机故障，这些故障可能会将更严重的污染物引入飞机客舱。针对飞机制造商和运营商提出了建议，这将有助于以最低成本改善飞机客舱空气质量和乘客可获得的氧气分压。还提出了一些乘客可以采取的措施，以帮助提高他们的舒适度并降低患病风险，特别是在长途航班上。
