Coffman Sherrilyn
Sierra Health Services, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Online J Knowl Synth Nurs. 2002 Mar 25;9:1.
Current research continues to show that bicycle helmets prevent serious injury and death in cyclists of all ages. Children are at special risk for head injury. The purpose of this review was to update information on the use and protective effect of bicycle helmets for child cyclists.
Legislation, combined with community education and helmet promotion campaigns, remains the most cost-effective approach for increasing helmet use. Nineteen states and the District of Columbia have passed helmet legislation. Modest gains in helmet-wearing rates have been documented, with the greatest gains in young children, compared with adolescents.
Nurses remain in strategic positions to encourage helmet use by educating children and parents. Nurses can participate in community-based education and advocacy programs. Nurse researchers can carry out descriptive studies that increase community awareness of bicycle injuries and examine factors such as parental rules and adolescent risk-taking.
当前研究持续表明，自行车头盔可预防各年龄段骑车者的严重伤害和死亡。儿童面临头部受伤的特殊风险。本综述的目的是更新有关儿童自行车骑行者使用自行车头盔及其保护作用的信息。
立法，结合社区教育和头盔推广活动，仍然是提高头盔使用率最具成本效益的方法。19个州和哥伦比亚特区已通过头盔立法。据记载，头盔佩戴率有适度提高，与青少年相比，年幼儿童的提高幅度最大。
护士在鼓励儿童和家长使用头盔方面仍处于战略地位。护士可参与基于社区的教育和宣传项目。护士研究人员可开展描述性研究，提高社区对自行车伤害的认识，并研究诸如家长规定和青少年冒险行为等因素。
