Fredricks Jennifer A, Eccles Jacquelynne S
Department of Human Development, Connecticut College, New London 06320, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2002 Jul;38(4):519-33.
The purpose of this study was to document gender differences in children's competence and value beliefs (N =514) from the 1st through 12th grades and to investigate the relation of these trends to initial differences in parents' perceptions of children's ability. Six separate growth models were tested: math competence, math interest, math importance, sports competence, sports interest, and sports importance. Across all 6 models, children's self-perceptions declined from 1st grade to 12th grade. Gender differences in competence and value beliefs were found. The gap between boys' and girls' competence beliefs decreased over time. In addition, parents' initial ratings of children's ability helped to explain mean level differences and variations in the rate of change in children's beliefs over time, with the effect being strongest in the sports models.
本研究的目的是记录从一年级到十二年级儿童在能力和价值信念方面的性别差异（N = 514），并调查这些趋势与父母对孩子能力的初始认知差异之间的关系。测试了六个独立的增长模型：数学能力、数学兴趣、数学重要性、体育能力、体育兴趣和体育重要性。在所有六个模型中，儿童的自我认知从一年级到十二年级都有所下降。研究发现了能力和价值信念方面的性别差异。随着时间的推移，男孩和女孩在能力信念上的差距缩小。此外，父母对孩子能力的初始评分有助于解释儿童信念随时间变化的平均水平差异和变化率，这种影响在体育模型中最为显著。
