Kimiecik J C, Horn T S, Shurin C S
Department of Physical Education, Health and Sport Studies (PHS), Miama University, Oxford, Ohio, USA.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1996 Sep;67(3):324-36. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1996.10607960.
The purposes of this study were to (a) examine the relationship between children's beliefs (value, competence, and goal orientations) pertaining to fitness-oriented activities and their participation in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), (b) determine whether children's own beliefs are related to their perceptions of their parents' beliefs about them (value, competence, goal orientations, expectancies), and (c) examine the relationship between children's perceptions of their parents' beliefs and their MVPA. Self-report questionnaires and structured interviews were administered to children (N = 81, ages 11-15) in a one-on-one situation in their homes to tap their own beliefs, their perceptions of their parents' beliefs, and to assess children's level of MVPA through the use of two-day recall and peer comparison measures. Multivariate multiple-regression analyses revealed that children's beliefs about their MVPA could predict a significant amount of the variance in their self-reported MVPA and that children's perceptions of their parents' beliefs were unrelated to their MVPA. Follow-up canonical correlation analyses showed that the most significant and positive predictors of MVPA were children's perceptions of competence and the degree to which they endorse a task and ego orientation. S second multivariate multiple-regression analysis revealed that children's perceptions of their parents' beliefs about them and their own beliefs about MVPA were significantly related. These findings are discussed within the framework of a Family Influence Model for understanding children's MVPA participation.
(a) 考察儿童对以健身为导向的活动的信念（价值观、能力和目标取向）与他们参与中度至剧烈身体活动（MVPA）之间的关系；(b) 确定儿童自身的信念是否与他们对父母对自己的信念（价值观、能力、目标取向、期望）的认知相关；(c) 考察儿童对父母信念的认知与他们的MVPA之间的关系。研究人员在儿童（N = 81，年龄11 - 15岁）家中一对一的情境下，采用自填式问卷和结构化访谈，以了解他们自己的信念、对父母信念的认知，并通过两日回忆法和同伴比较法评估儿童的MVPA水平。多元多重回归分析显示，儿童对自己MVPA的信念能够预测其自我报告的MVPA中相当一部分的方差，并且儿童对父母信念的认知与他们的MVPA无关。后续的典型相关分析表明，MVPA最显著且积极的预测因素是儿童对能力的认知以及他们认可任务和自我取向的程度。第二项多元多重回归分析显示，儿童对父母对自己的信念的认知与他们自己对MVPA的信念显著相关。本文在一个用于理解儿童MVPA参与情况的家庭影响模型框架内对这些发现进行了讨论。
