Butler Samantha C, Berthier Neil E, Clifton Rachel K
Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 01003, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2002 Jul;38(4):581-90. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.38.4.581.
Children younger than 3 years have difficulty with search tasks that involve hidden displacement. Partial visual information was provided about a ball's path as it moved toward a hiding place. Children (2.0 and 2.5 years old) saw a ball rolling down a ramp placed behind a transparent screen with 4 opaque doors. A wall, placed on the ramp and directly behind 1 of the doors, protruded above the screen and stopped the ball. Children were asked to find the ball. The transparency of the screen permitted visual tracking of the ball between the doors, but its final resting place was obscured. Both age groups were equally proficient at tracking the ball as it rolled behind the screen, but the 2.5-year-olds were more likely to reach to the correct door. Looking behavior was related to errors in the younger group in that tracking that stopped short or continued past the correct door was associated with incorrect choices.
3岁以下儿童在涉及隐藏位移的搜索任务中存在困难。当球朝着隐藏处移动时，会提供部分视觉信息。儿童（2.0岁和2.5岁）看到一个球从放置在有4扇不透明门的透明屏幕后面的斜坡上滚下。一堵墙放置在斜坡上且直接位于其中一扇门的后面，墙伸出屏幕上方并挡住了球。要求儿童找到球。屏幕的透明度使得可以在门之间对球进行视觉追踪，但其最终的静止位置被遮挡。两个年龄组在追踪球滚到屏幕后面的过程中同样熟练，但2.5岁的儿童更有可能指向正确的门。在较年幼的组中，注视行为与错误相关，即追踪在正确的门之前停止或继续越过正确的门与错误的选择相关。
