Ariza i Cardenal Carles, Nebot i Adell Manel
Servei de Promoció de la Salut, Institut Municipal de Salut Pública, Ajuntament de Barcelona.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2002 May-Jun;76(3):227-38.
Knowing the factors predisposing the smoking onset of smoking at school age may help to improve the preventive strategies and make the starting age later. This study is set out to describe the natural history of smoking throughout the teen-age years and the main factors which may predict teenagers developing the smoking habit.
This is a longitudinal study of a survey type, using the school room as the sampling unit at six schools in Barcelona and Lleida. A total of 1,460 students within the 12-19 age range took part. Two surveys were conducted, an initial survey in the spring of 1992 and a follow-up survey one year later. A total of 1,236 questionnaires (84.3%) were paired by means of a personal code used for the longitudinal study.
A total of 25% of the students were regular smokers at the start of the study, 17.1% smoking occasionally or having experimented with smoking, there being no differences between sexes for both of these categories. Among those who were non-smokers at the starting survey, 12.7% stated that they smoked occasionally and 6.2% regularly one year later. The females started smoking at an earlier age, the differences as compared to males being statistically significant at 14 years of age. The predictors of the smoking onset include favorable attitudes toward cigarettes (OR = 3.1; CI5% (1.6-5.6), drinking alcoholic beverages (OR = 2.2; CI95% (1.4-3.3), being younger than age 15 (OR = 2.0; CI95% (1.2-3.4), having friends who smoke (OR = 1.9, CI95% (1.2-3.0) and the stated intention of smoking in the future (OR = 1.6; CI95% (1.0-2.5).
The students showing a higher degree of tolerance toward cigarette smoking, entailing favorable attitudes or friends who smoke or who intend to smoke in the future at the start of the study are at a much higher risk of Smoking onset than their classmates who are not of these characteristics. The cigarette smoking prevention programs must focus special attention on the teenagers most highly vulnerable to these factors.
了解导致学龄期开始吸烟的因素，可能有助于改进预防策略并使开始吸烟的年龄推迟。本研究旨在描述青少年时期吸烟的自然史以及可能预测青少年养成吸烟习惯的主要因素。
这是一项调查类型的纵向研究，以巴塞罗那和莱里达六所学校的教室作为抽样单位。共有1460名年龄在12 - 19岁之间的学生参与。进行了两次调查，一次是1992年春季的初始调查，一年后进行随访调查。通过用于纵向研究的个人代码，共配对了1236份问卷（84.3%）。
在研究开始时，共有25%的学生是经常吸烟者，17.1%偶尔吸烟或尝试过吸烟，这两类在性别上均无差异。在初始调查时不吸烟的学生中，12.7%表示一年后偶尔吸烟，6.2%经常吸烟。女性开始吸烟的年龄更早，与男性相比，在14岁时差异具有统计学意义。开始吸烟的预测因素包括对香烟持赞成态度（比值比 = 3.1；95%置信区间(1.6 - 5.6)）、饮用酒精饮料（比值比 = 2.2；95%置信区间(1.4 - 3.3)）、年龄小于15岁（比值比 = 2.0；95%置信区间(1.2 - 3.4)）、有吸烟的朋友（比值比 = 1.9，95%置信区间(1.2 - 3.0)）以及表示未来有吸烟的打算（比值比 = 1.6；95%置信区间(1.0 - 2.5)）。
在研究开始时，对吸烟表现出更高容忍度的学生，即那些持赞成态度、有吸烟的朋友或未来打算吸烟的学生，开始吸烟的风险比没有这些特征的同学高得多。吸烟预防项目必须特别关注最易受这些因素影响的青少年。
