Ariza-Cardenal Carles, Nebot-Adell Manel
Health Promotion Unit, Municipal Institute of Public Health, Barcelona Council, Girona, 87 3r.2a, 08009 Barcelona, Spain.
Health Educ Res. 2002 Dec;17(6):750-60. doi: 10.1093/her/17.6.750.
Smoking onset takes place in the early years of adolescence, and can be seen as a progression through stages of preparation, trying, experimentation, regular smoking and nicotine dependence or addiction. The objective of this study is to identify 1-year predictors of smoking consolidation among occasional smokers (experimenters) and of cessation among all smokers. A questionnaire developed to monitor trends in smoking and other health-related behaviors was administered in the spring of 1992 and again 1 year later (1993). The survey was carried out in six large, private schools in Barcelona and Raimat, in the Lleida province, in Catalonia (Spain). In total, 1460 schoolchildren aged 12-19 responded to both the baseline and follow-up questionnaires; 1236 questionnaires (84.7%) were matched through a personal code and were used for the longitudinal study. At the baseline survey 28% of the schoolchildren were regular smokers and 17.1 % were occasional smokers, with no differences by gender. At the follow-up survey, progression from occasional to regular smoking was observed in 42% of the girls and 22.7% of the boys. Other predictors of consolidation included drinking alcohol (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.1-10.1) and reporting the intention to smoke in the future (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.3-4.9). Among all the smokers at the baseline, predictors of cessation were smoking occasionally (versus regularly) (OR = 4.9; 95% CI = 2.8-8.6), negative attitudes regarding smoking (OR = 3.3; 95% CI = 1.9-5.4), reporting no intention to smoke in the future (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.3-3.8), gender (OR for boys = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.2-3.6), receiving weekly pocket less than 1000 ptas (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1-5.3) and age (OR for being 15 and younger = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1-4.9). We conclude that consolidation of smoking is twice as likely among girls than among boys. Intention to smoke seems to be a good predictor of future behavior, while attitudes may predict cessation, but not consolidation. Available pocket money seems to be a strong risk factor for smoking at this age.
吸烟行为始于青少年早期，可视为一个从准备、尝试、试验、经常吸烟到尼古丁依赖或成瘾的渐进过程。本研究的目的是确定偶尔吸烟者（试验者）中吸烟习惯巩固的1年预测因素以及所有吸烟者中戒烟的1年预测因素。一份用于监测吸烟及其他健康相关行为趋势的问卷于1992年春季发放，并于1年后（1993年）再次发放。调查在西班牙加泰罗尼亚莱里达省巴塞罗那和拉伊马特的六所大型私立学校进行。共有1460名12 - 19岁的学童回复了基线问卷和随访问卷；1236份问卷（84.7%）通过个人代码匹配，用于纵向研究。在基线调查中，28%的学童为经常吸烟者，17.1%为偶尔吸烟者，男女之间无差异。在随访调查中，42%的女孩和22.7%的男孩从偶尔吸烟发展为经常吸烟。吸烟习惯巩固的其他预测因素包括饮酒（比值比=3.1；95%置信区间=1.1 - 10.1）以及报告未来有吸烟意图（比值比=2.5；95%置信区间=1.3 - 4.9）。在基线时的所有吸烟者中，戒烟的预测因素包括偶尔吸烟（相对于经常吸烟）（比值比=4.9；95%置信区间=2.8 - 8.6）、对吸烟持负面态度（比值比=3.3；95%置信区间=1.9 - 5.4）、报告未来没有吸烟意图（比值比=2.2；95%置信区间=1.3 - 3.8）、性别（男孩的比值比=2.1；95%置信区间=1.2 - 3.6）、每周零花钱少于1000比塞塔（比值比=1.7；95%置信区间=1.1 - 5.3）以及年龄（15岁及以下的比值比=1.6；95%置信区间=1.1 - 4.9）。我们得出结论，女孩吸烟习惯巩固的可能性是男孩的两倍。吸烟意图似乎是未来行为的良好预测因素，而态度可能预测戒烟，但不能预测吸烟习惯的巩固。在这个年龄段，可用零花钱似乎是吸烟的一个重要风险因素。
