Yu Stella M, Park Christina H, Schwalberg Renee H
Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2002 Jun;6(2):89-97. doi: 10.1023/a:1015412223670.
This study examines smoking and smoking cessation behaviors among U.S. pregnant women and seeks to identify the sociodemographic correlates of smoking cessation in pregnancy.
The 1998 NHIS Pregnancy and Smoking supplement was analyzed, including 5288 U.S. women (weighted to represent 13,714,358 women) who gave birth to a liveborn infant in the past 5 years. Four categories of smoking behavior were analyzed: nonsmoking at last pregnancy, persistent smoking throughout pregnancy, attempting unsuccessfully to quit during pregnancy, and successfully quitting during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to isolate risk factors for each of the smoking behaviors and to examine factors associated with attempted and successful cessation.
The women most likely to attempt to quit smoking in pregnancy were Hispanic women (OR = 3.09) and women who have smoked for less than 10 years (OR = 2.75 for women aged 18-24.) In general, for the groups at highest risk of smoking at the start of pregnancy, the odds of being a persistent smoker were higher than the odds of being an unsuccessful quitter, which in turn were higher than the odds of quitting successfully. The factors associated with attempts to quit included Hispanic ethnicity, higher education, above-poverty income, and shorter duration of smoking, while the combined effect of age and smoking duration was the only one significantly associated with successful quitting. In every age group, longer smoking duration was associated with lower likelihood of attempting to quit as well as successful quitting.
The factors most strongly associated with attempts to quit smoking were Hispanic ethnicity and the combined effect of age and smoking duration. Future smoking cessation and relapse prevention programs should be developed, taking into consideration the critical factors of age, ethnicity, income, geography, and addiction.
本研究调查了美国孕妇的吸烟及戒烟行为，并试图确定孕期戒烟的社会人口学相关因素。
对1998年美国国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）的孕期与吸烟补充调查进行了分析，其中包括5288名在过去5年中生下单活婴的美国女性（加权后代表13714358名女性）。分析了四类吸烟行为：上次怀孕时不吸烟、孕期持续吸烟、孕期尝试戒烟但未成功、孕期成功戒烟。采用逻辑回归分析来确定每种吸烟行为的风险因素，并研究与尝试戒烟和成功戒烟相关的因素。
孕期最有可能尝试戒烟的女性是西班牙裔女性（比值比[OR]=3.09）以及吸烟年限少于10年的女性（18 - 24岁女性的OR = 2.75）。总体而言，对于孕期开始时吸烟风险最高的群体，持续吸烟者的几率高于戒烟未成功者，而戒烟未成功者的几率又高于成功戒烟者。与尝试戒烟相关的因素包括西班牙裔种族、高等教育、高于贫困线的收入以及较短的吸烟年限，而年龄和吸烟年限的综合作用是唯一与成功戒烟显著相关的因素。在每个年龄组中，吸烟年限越长，尝试戒烟以及成功戒烟的可能性越低。
与尝试戒烟最密切相关的因素是西班牙裔种族以及年龄和吸烟年限的综合作用。应制定未来的戒烟和预防复吸计划，同时考虑年龄、种族、收入、地域和成瘾等关键因素。
