Three adjacent serines in the extracellular domains of the CaR are required for L-amino acid-mediated potentiation of receptor function.

The extracellular calcium (Ca(2+)(o))-sensing receptor (CaR) is a key player in Ca(2+)(o) homeostasis. The activity of CaR can be potentiated by various l-amino acids. In this study, we examined whether conserved amino acid residues involved in the binding of glutamate to metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) also participate in the potentiation of the activity of CaR by l-phenylalanine. Ser-170 corresponding to Thr-188 in rat mGluR1a appears to be important for the modulating actions of phenylalanine. In the presence of phenylalanine, a mutant CaR with a single mutation S170A showed no significant decrease in its EC(50) for stimulation by Ca(2+)(o) and a modest increase in its maximal activity. In addition, mutating Ser-169 and Ser-171 together with Ser-170 yielded a more complete block of the phenylalanine modulation than did the single mutation. The presence of the triple mutation, S169A/S170A/S171A, also eliminated phenylalanine potentiation of the activities of heterodimeric receptors in which one of the monomeric receptors had intact triple serines (A877Stop). The putative amino acid binding site of the CaR is probably close to or structurally dependent on the Ca(2+)(o) binding sites of the receptor, because mutant CaRs with mutations in the putative amino acid binding site exhibited severely reduced responses to Ca(2+)(o).