Haas D U, Reinthaler F F, Wüst G, Posch J, Ruckenbauer G, Marth E
Institute of Hygiene, University of Graz, Universitätplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2002 Jun;10(1-2):6-10.
The present study investigated emissions and emmissions of airborne microorganisms (mesophilic bacteria, Escherichia coli, molds, Aspergillus fumigatus, thermophilic actinomycetes/bacilli) in sewage treatment plants. For the aerobiological investigations three sewage treatment facilities with an activated-sludge process, capacities between 2000 and 28,000 PE and different cleaning steps were selected. The measurements of microorganism emission were conducted in the area of the intake (screen), in the area of biological treatment (activated sludge tank) and at a distance of 10 m from the activated sludge tanks. In order to determine the emmission, additional measurements were conducted leeward of the plant at a distance of 200 m. Samples were taken using four parallel six-stage Andersen 1 AFCM volumetric samplers. In the area of the intake counts for bacteria were 7.4 x 10(2) CFU/m3 (median), for thermophilic actinomycetes 1.8 x 10(1) CFU/m3, for thermophilic bacilli 7.1 x 10(1) CFU/m3, for molds 2.4 x 10(3) CFU/m3 and for Aspergillus fumigatus 1.8 x 10(1) CFU/m3. Only isolated airborne coliform recoveries, i.e. E. coli, were detected. In the area of the activated sludge tank, in the adjoining area (10 m) and in the vicinity of the plants (200 m), the counts for all microorganism groups investigated corresponded to natural conditions. The results show that the counts of culturable aerogenic microorganisms in and in the immediate surrounding of the sewage plants investigated are low. Although the possibility of an infection through inhalation cannot be ruled out, the direct contact with sewage is much more critical.
本研究调查了污水处理厂空气中微生物（嗜温细菌、大肠杆菌、霉菌、烟曲霉、嗜热放线菌/芽孢杆菌）的排放情况。为进行空气生物学调查，选择了三个采用活性污泥法、处理能力在2000至28000人口当量之间且有不同净化步骤的污水处理设施。微生物排放测量在进水口区域（格栅）、生物处理区域（活性污泥池）以及距活性污泥池10米处进行。为确定排放情况，还在工厂下风方向200米处进行了额外测量。样本使用四个平行的六级安德森1型AFCM容量采样器采集。在进水口区域，细菌计数为7.4×10²CFU/m³（中位数），嗜热放线菌为1.8×10¹CFU/m³，嗜热芽孢杆菌为7.1×10¹CFU/m³，霉菌为2.4×10³CFU/m³，烟曲霉为1.8×10¹CFU/m³。仅检测到了孤立的空气传播大肠菌群回收率，即大肠杆菌。在活性污泥池区域、相邻区域（10米）以及工厂附近（200米），所调查的所有微生物组的计数均符合自然条件。结果表明，所调查的污水处理厂内部及紧邻周边区域中可培养的空气传播微生物数量较低。虽然不能排除通过吸入感染的可能性，但与污水的直接接触更为关键。
