Reinthaler F F, Haas D, Feierl G, Schlacher R, Pichler-Semmelrock F P, Köck M, Wüst G, Feenstra O, Marth E
Hygiene Institut der Universität Graz.
Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1999 Jun;202(1):1-17.
The evaluation of airborne microorganisms in waste treatment facilities is complicated by different measuring systems, a lack of measuring standards and large variations between individual counts. In the present study, different sectors of the waste management industry were compared by determining median values of airborne culturable microorganisms from numerous parallel counts over a prolonged time period. The samples were taken during the warm season using the six-stage Andersen volumetric sampler in a large composting plant and its immediate vicinity, in an agricultural composting plant, a waste disposal site, and a sorting facility for recyclable materials. Control samples were taken at a site not influenced by the waste management industry in an open and largely uninhabited area. The highest median values for culturable bacteria (37 degrees C) found were 1.1 x 10(5) CFU/m3, for moulds (25 degrees C) 1.4 x 10(5) CFU/m3, and for A. fumigatus (37 degrees C) 1.7 x 10(4) CFU/m3 in the sorting cabins of the sorting facility (p < 0.001). The highest median values for thermophilic bacteria (actinomycetes and bacillaceae, 50 degrees C) were 7.3 x 10(3) CFU/m3 in the large composting facility. In all other facilities as well as in the neighbouring residential areas of all facilities investigated, all median values were significantly lower and corresponded to the naturally occurring levels: approx. 10(2) CFU/m3 for bacteria, approx. 10(3) CFU/m3 for moulds and approx. 10(1) CFU/m3 for A. fumigatus and thermophilic bacteria. Only in the neighbouring residential area of the large composting plant, the median values for thermophilic bacteria were approx. 10(2) CFU/m3, but an additional impact from farms cannot be excluded in this case. These results show permanent increased loads of the investigated microorganisms inside large composting facilities and especially in the sorting cabins for recyclable materials. The increasing number of reports on potential health hazards in these areas require adequate measures on the part of occupational medicine in order to limit the health risk to a minimum. The most important task is the automatization of the sorting process for recyclable materials.
废物处理设施中空气传播微生物的评估因测量系统不同、缺乏测量标准以及个体计数之间存在巨大差异而变得复杂。在本研究中，通过确定在较长时间段内多次平行计数的空气传播可培养微生物的中值，对废物管理行业的不同部门进行了比较。在温暖季节，使用六级安德森体积采样器在大型堆肥厂及其紧邻区域、农业堆肥厂、垃圾处理场和可回收材料分拣设施中采集样本。对照样本在一个不受废物管理行业影响的开阔且基本无人居住的区域采集。在所调查的分拣设施的分拣间中，可培养细菌（37摄氏度）的最高中值为1.1×10⁵CFU/m³，霉菌（25摄氏度）为1.4×10⁵CFU/m³，烟曲霉（37摄氏度）为1.7×10⁴CFU/m³（p<0.001）。大型堆肥设施中嗜热细菌（放线菌和芽孢杆菌科，50摄氏度）的最高中值为7.3×10³CFU/m³。在所有其他设施以及所有被调查设施的邻近居民区，所有中值均显著较低，且与自然发生水平相对应：细菌约为10²CFU/m³，霉菌约为10³CFU/m³，烟曲霉和嗜热细菌约为10¹CFU/m³。仅在大型堆肥厂的邻近居民区，嗜热细菌的中值约为10²CFU/m³，但在这种情况下不能排除农场的额外影响。这些结果表明，大型堆肥设施内部，尤其是可回收材料分拣间中，所调查微生物的负荷持续增加。这些区域潜在健康危害的报告日益增多，职业医学方面需要采取适当措施，以将健康风险降至最低。最重要的任务是实现可回收材料分拣过程的自动化。
