Maritz G S
Department of Physiological Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.
Exp Lung Res. 2002 Jul-Aug;28(5):391-403. doi: 10.1080/01902140290092010.
The aim of this study was thus to determine whether maternal nicotine exposure during gestation and lactation will result in early emphysema in the lungs of the offspring. Female rats received nicotine subcutaneously during gestation and lactation. Nicotine administration commenced 1 day after mating and lasted until weaning on postnatal day 21. The offspring were exposed to nicotine via the placenta and mother's milk only. Lung tissue of the neonates was collected for analysis on postnatal days 14, 21, 35 and 42. The results show that maternal nicotine exposure had no effect on the total alveolar count (Na), mean alveolar volume (Valv), and airspace wall surface area per unit volume of lung tissue (AWUV) of the 14- and 21-day-old rat pups. However, the Na of the 35- and 42-day-old control animals was higher than that of the nicotine exposed animals. The Valv of the 35- and 42-day-old nicotine exposed rat pups was however larger than that of the control animals, whereas the AWUV of the 35- and 42-day-old control animals were bigger than that of the nicotine-exposed animals of the same age. The scanning electron micrographs showed a gradual flattening of the alveoli. It is therefore concluded that maternal nicotine exposure induced changes at gene level that renders the lungs of the offspring more susceptible to emphysema-like lesions.
因此，本研究的目的是确定孕期和哺乳期母体接触尼古丁是否会导致子代肺部早期肺气肿。雌性大鼠在孕期和哺乳期皮下注射尼古丁。尼古丁给药在交配后1天开始，持续到出生后第21天断奶。子代仅通过胎盘和母乳接触尼古丁。在出生后第14、21、35和42天收集新生大鼠的肺组织进行分析。结果显示，母体接触尼古丁对14日龄和21日龄幼鼠的肺泡总数（Na）、平均肺泡体积（Valv）和单位肺组织体积的气腔壁表面积（AWUV）没有影响。然而，35日龄和42日龄对照动物的Na高于接触尼古丁的动物。35日龄和42日龄接触尼古丁的幼鼠的Valv大于对照动物，而35日龄和42日龄对照动物的AWUV大于同龄接触尼古丁的动物。扫描电子显微镜照片显示肺泡逐渐变平。因此得出结论，母体接触尼古丁在基因水平上引起了变化，使子代的肺部更容易出现类似肺气肿的病变。
