Iida Keisuke, Nishimura Ichiro
The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095-1668, USA.
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(1):35-50. doi: 10.1177/154411130201300105.
Methods in molecular and genetic biology have provided important clues to elucidate the complex mechanisms of oral and craniofacial development and pathogenesis of diseases. It has become increasingly clear that a biological phenotype is a result of multiple factors involving a large number of regulatory genes, while a single nucleotide mutation can cause various degrees of oral and craniofacial abnormalities. These oral and craniofacial problems often present a challenge to the molecular screening process. Recent advances in microarray-based technologies allow for large-scale gene expression analysis in a single experiment, which have been applied to genome-wide assays, mutational analysis, drug discovery, developmental biology, and molecular analysis of various diseases. This review introduces the basic principle and some modifications of techniques and materials used in microarray technology, as well as currently available microarray data analysis strategies. Microarray technology can be applied to the soon-to-be-available human genome database and will be a powerful research tool for those inquiring into specific problems associated with oral and craniofacial biology.
分子与遗传生物学方法为阐明口腔和颅面发育的复杂机制以及疾病的发病机制提供了重要线索。越来越清楚的是，一种生物学表型是涉及大量调控基因的多种因素的结果，而单个核苷酸突变可导致不同程度的口腔和颅面异常。这些口腔和颅面问题常常给分子筛查过程带来挑战。基于微阵列技术的最新进展允许在单个实验中进行大规模基因表达分析，该技术已应用于全基因组检测、突变分析、药物发现、发育生物学以及各种疾病的分子分析。本文综述了微阵列技术中所使用技术和材料的基本原理及一些改进，以及目前可用的微阵列数据分析策略。微阵列技术可应用于即将可用的人类基因组数据库，并将成为探究与口腔和颅面生物学相关特定问题的研究人员的有力研究工具。
