Risk assessment of violence to others: time for action.

Possible expansion in the scope of practice of mental health nurses, together with the prevalence of nurses being assaulted by patients, accentuates the need for nurses to be more skilled in risk assessment. A literature search was undertaken on the topics of risk assessment, dangerousness, aggression, and violence in the data bases of CINAHL, MEDLINE and PSYCHLIT, in order to determine an evidence based approach to risk assessment of patient violence towards others. In the absence of reliable and valid nursing risk assessment measures, the approach suggested here focuses on the use of observation skills to detect behaviour antecedent to physical assault, and the ability to systematically assess evidence-based risk factors of violent action. Given this rudimentary framework, there is the need to adapt it to specific clinical settings. Failure to proceed rapidly with such developments may jeopardize the safety of both patients and staff.