Patel Dilip R, Pratt Helen D, Greydanus Donald E
Departments of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, 1000 Oakland Drive, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2002 Jun;49(3):505-31, v-vi. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(02)00003-2.
A fundamental knowledge of normal child and adolescent development is essential to providing a developmentally appropriate sports experience for the child, and to providing guidance to parents regarding their child's sport participation. This article reviews neurodevelopment, normal child and adolescent development relevant to sport participation, and developmental readiness to participate in sports. Neurodevelopmental maturation is a complex, continuous process. The sense of social comparison is not achieved until after 6 years of age, and the ability to understand the competitive nature of sports is generally not achieved until 9 years of age. By about 12 years of age, most children are mature enough to comprehend the complex tasks of sports and are physically and cognitively ready to participate in competitive sports with appropriate supervision.
掌握正常儿童和青少年发育的基础知识，对于为儿童提供适合其发育阶段的运动体验，以及为家长提供有关孩子参与运动的指导至关重要。本文回顾了神经发育、与运动参与相关的正常儿童和青少年发育，以及参与运动的发育准备情况。神经发育成熟是一个复杂的、持续的过程。社会比较意识直到6岁以后才会形成，而理解运动竞争本质的能力通常直到9岁才会具备。到大约12岁时，大多数儿童已经足够成熟，能够理解运动的复杂任务，并且在适当监督下在身体和认知上准备好参与竞技运动。
