Olivier G
J Anat. 1975 Dec;120(Pt 3):507-18.
A biometric study of the occipital bone was carried out on 125 dissecting room skulls; it brought out the following points: 1. The occipital squama, despite its dual histological origin, constitutes a stable anatomical structure because its dimensions remain in correlation if the size factor is maintained constant. 2. The parts around the foramen magnum also show 'organic correlations', but these are virtually unrelated to the squama. 3. The pars basilaris is biometrically independent of the squama; it could well be described with, and regarded as an extension of, the body of the sphenoid if it were morphologically separated from the rest of the occipital bone; there is thus good cause to describe in Man a spheno-occipital 'clivus'. 4. The study of the curvatures of the squama shows that fossil Man agrees with present day Man in that when the occipital is rounded, the parietal is not, and the skull is low and elongated. 5. Sexual differences are more easily described than measured. The shape of the occipital condyles has greater value for sex determination than that of the nuchal crests. 6. Attempts were made to estimate cranial capacity from isolated occipital bones, but one had to be content with a fairly large margin of error. Several types of formulae are nevertheless offered to human palaeontologists in the hope that they might satisfy their need to get a rough indication of cranial capacity from occipital material.
对125个解剖室颅骨进行了枕骨的生物测量研究；得出以下几点：1. 枕鳞尽管有双重组织学起源，但构成一个稳定的解剖结构，因为如果尺寸因素保持不变，其尺寸会保持相关性。2. 枕骨大孔周围的部分也显示出“有机相关性”，但这些实际上与枕鳞无关。3. 基底部在生物测量上独立于枕鳞；如果它在形态上与枕骨其余部分分离，完全可以将其描述为蝶骨体的延续并视为蝶骨体的延伸；因此有充分理由在人类中描述一个蝶枕“斜坡”。4. 枕鳞曲率的研究表明，化石人类与现代人类一致之处在于，当枕骨圆润时，顶骨不圆润，且颅骨低而狭长。5. 性别差异描述起来比测量更容易。枕髁的形状在性别判定方面比项嵴的形状更有价值。6. 曾尝试从分离的枕骨估计颅容量，但不得不满足于相当大的误差范围。不过还是为人类古生物学家提供了几种类型的公式，希望能满足他们从枕骨材料中大致了解颅容量的需求。
