Trindade Dilcindo Barros, Scarpassa Vera Margarete
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas de Amazĵnia, Manaus, Amazonas, Cep, Brazil.
J Med Entomol. 2002 Jul;39(4):613-20. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585-39.4.613.
Genetic variability and divergence were estimated for populations of Anopheles rangeli Gabaldón, Cova-Garcia & Lopes, Anopheles nuneztovari Gabald6n cytotype A, and Anophels dunhami Causey from the Brazilian Amazon using isozyme electrophoresis. These species are included in the Oswaldoi subgroup, subgenus Nyssorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae). Thirteen enzymes yielded a total of 22 loci, of which 14 were monomorphic in the three species. Three diagnostic loci (Gpi-1, Hk-1, and Me) and a strong differentiation in the Mdh locus were found between An. rangeli and An. nuneztovari. Five diagnostic loci (Mdh, Gpi-l, Hk-1, Gpd, and Me) separated An. rangeli from An. dunhami, whereas one diagnostic locus (Gpd) separated An. nuneztovari from An. dunhami. Moderate differentiation was observed in the Est-5 and Pgm loci between An. rangeli and An. nuneztovari, and between An. nuneztovari and An. dunhami. Anopheles dunhami had the highest values for three indices of genetic variability, whereas An. rangeli showed the lowest values for mean number of alleles per locus and mean heterozygosity. Nei's genetic distance was highest between An. rangeli and An. dunhami (0.280) and lowest between An. nuneztovari and An. dunhami (0.072). Between An. rangeli and An. nuneztovari the genetic distance was 0.237. Anopheles dunhami and An. nuneztovari are sister species very closely related and may have a recent evolutionary origin. Anopheles rangeli probably diverged before the other two species separated. This is the first record of An. dunhami in Coari (Amazonas, Brazil) and only the third collection site of this species since its description in 1945.
利用同工酶电泳技术，对来自巴西亚马逊地区的兰氏按蚊（Gabaldón、Cova-Garcia和Lopes）、努氏按蚊（Gabald6n细胞型A）以及邓氏按蚊（Causey）种群的遗传变异性和分化情况进行了评估。这些物种属于尼氏按蚊亚属（双翅目：蚊科）的奥斯瓦尔多伊亚组。13种酶共产生了22个基因座，其中14个在这三个物种中是单态的。在兰氏按蚊和努氏按蚊之间发现了三个诊断性基因座（Gpi-1、Hk-1和Me）以及苹果酸脱氢酶基因座的强烈分化。五个诊断性基因座（苹果酸脱氢酶、Gpi-1、Hk-1、葡萄糖磷酸脱氢酶和Me）将兰氏按蚊与邓氏按蚊区分开来，而一个诊断性基因座（葡萄糖磷酸脱氢酶）将努氏按蚊与邓氏按蚊区分开来。在兰氏按蚊和努氏按蚊之间以及努氏按蚊和邓氏按蚊之间，酯酶-5和磷酸葡萄糖变位酶基因座观察到中等程度的分化。邓氏按蚊的三个遗传变异性指标值最高，而兰氏按蚊每个基因座的平均等位基因数和平均杂合度值最低。内氏遗传距离在兰氏按蚊和邓氏按蚊之间最高（0.280），在努氏按蚊和邓氏按蚊之间最低（0.072）。兰氏按蚊和努氏按蚊之间遗传距离为0.237。邓氏按蚊和努氏按蚊是关系非常密切的姐妹物种，可能有较近的进化起源。兰氏按蚊可能在其他两个物种分离之前就已经分化。这是邓氏按蚊在科阿里（巴西亚马逊州）的首次记录，也是自1945年该物种被描述以来的第三个采集地点。
