Williams Christen Lenney, Serfass Thomas L, Cogan Rawland, Rhodes Olin E
Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Mol Ecol. 2002 Aug;11(8):1299-310. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01546.x.
Relocation programs have restored elk (Cervus elaphus) to portions of its vast historical range. We examine the consequences of these relocation programs by assessing variation at 10 microsatellite loci in three elk herds, a source herd (Yellowstone National Park), a large herd reintroduced from Yellowstone (Custer State Park) and a bottlenecked herd reintroduced from both Yellowstone and Custer (the Pennsylvania herd). Observed single locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.000 to 0.739. Multi-locus heterozygosities ranged from 0.222 to 0.589. Although significant differences were detected among all three herds, the Yellowstone National Park and Custer State Park herds possessed similar levels of variation and heterozygosity, and the genetic distance between these two herds was small. The Pennsylvania herd, on the other hand, experienced a 61.5% decrease in heterozygosity relative to its source herds, possessed no unique and few rare alleles, and the genetic distances between the Pennsylvania herd and its sources were large. Simulations were performed to identify bottleneck scenarios in agreement with levels of variation in the Pennsylvania herd. Our data confirm that the rate of population growth post-relocation may have important genetic consequences and indicate that theoretical predictions regarding the maintenance of genetic variation during relocation events must be viewed with caution when small numbers of a polygynous species are released.
重新安置计划已使驼鹿（马鹿）恢复到其广阔历史分布范围的部分地区。我们通过评估三个驼鹿种群（一个源种群（黄石国家公园）、一个从黄石重新引入的大种群（卡斯特州立公园）和一个从黄石和卡斯特引入的瓶颈种群（宾夕法尼亚种群））中10个微卫星位点的变异情况，来研究这些重新安置计划的后果。观察到的单一位点杂合度范围为0.000至0.739。多位点杂合度范围为0.222至0.589。尽管在所有三个种群之间检测到显著差异，但黄石国家公园和卡斯特州立公园的种群具有相似的变异水平和杂合度，并且这两个种群之间的遗传距离较小。另一方面，宾夕法尼亚种群相对于其源种群杂合度下降了61.5%，没有独特的且稀有等位基因很少，并且宾夕法尼亚种群与其源种群之间的遗传距离很大。进行了模拟以确定与宾夕法尼亚种群变异水平一致的瓶颈情况。我们的数据证实重新安置后种群的增长速度可能会产生重要的遗传后果，并表明当释放少量多配物种时，在重新安置事件期间关于维持遗传变异的理论预测必须谨慎看待。
