Crum Nancy F
Infectious Disease Division, Naval Medical Center, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, San Diego, CA, 92134, USA.
Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2002 Aug;4(4):287-96. doi: 10.1007/s11894-002-0078-z.
Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacillus that causes meningitis, encephalitis, bacteremia, and febrile gastroenteritis. Most disease occurs in immunosuppressed individuals. Recent seroepidemiologic studies show that the infection is foodborne. Due to the increasing number of immunosuppressed individuals at risk for listeriosis, as well as the persistence of substantial foodborne outbreaks, L. monocytogenes has gained worldwide attention as an important pathogen. Heightened surveillance and quality control by the food industry have been instituted, leading to a reduction in the number of cases and deaths from this infection in the past decade. However, due to the ubiquity of the organism in the environment, outbreaks and sporadic disease continue to occur. The standard therapy for listeriosis is a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin or, for patients who are intolerant of b-lactam agents, trimethoprim-sulfamethazole. Despite the availability of therapy, the mortality rate remains high in those with T-cell immunodeficiencies.
单核细胞增生李斯特菌是一种革兰氏阳性杆菌，可引起脑膜炎、脑炎、菌血症和发热性肠胃炎。大多数疾病发生在免疫功能低下的个体中。最近的血清流行病学研究表明，该感染是食源性的。由于有患李斯特菌病风险的免疫功能低下个体数量不断增加，以及大量食源性疾病暴发持续存在，单核细胞增生李斯特菌作为一种重要病原体已引起全球关注。食品行业加强了监测和质量控制，导致过去十年中该感染的病例数和死亡人数有所减少。然而，由于该菌在环境中无处不在，疾病暴发和散发病例仍不断发生。李斯特菌病的标准治疗方法是氨苄西林和庆大霉素联合使用，或者对于不耐受β-内酰胺类药物的患者，使用甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑。尽管有治疗方法可用，但T细胞免疫缺陷患者的死亡率仍然很高。
