Herrald Mary M, Tomaka Joe
Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso, 79902, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002 Aug;83(2):434-50.
The authors examined emotion-specific patterns of appraisal, coping, and cardiovascular reactivity during real ongoing emotional episodes. In this study, 109 participants performed a neutral opinion-expression task, where a confederate elicited anger, shame, or pride using verbal and nonverbal behavior. The authors assessed cognitive appraisals, emotional reactions, coping, outcomes (state self-esteem and outcome satisfaction), and cardiovascular reactivity. Results indicated substantial and theoretically consistent differences between the 3 emotions (and differences from a nonemotion condition) for cognitive appraisals, self-reported coping, behavioral coping, self-esteem, and cardiovascular reactivity. The results are discussed in relation to their implications for emotion theory and for psychological and physical health. Overall, the results suggest that researchers can study emotion-related issues using authentic emotional reactions.
作者们研究了在实际发生的情绪事件中，特定情绪的评估、应对和心血管反应模式。在这项研究中，109名参与者完成了一项中立的意见表达任务，在该任务中，一名同谋通过言语和非言语行为引发愤怒、羞耻或自豪情绪。作者们评估了认知评估、情绪反应、应对方式、结果（状态自尊和结果满意度）以及心血管反应。结果表明，在认知评估、自我报告的应对方式、行为应对方式、自尊和心血管反应方面，这三种情绪之间存在显著且在理论上一致的差异（以及与非情绪状态的差异）。文章讨论了这些结果对情绪理论以及心理和身体健康的意义。总体而言，结果表明研究人员可以利用真实的情绪反应来研究与情绪相关的问题。
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