Parry Charles D H, Bhana Arvin, Myers Bronwyn, Plüddemann Andreas, Flisher Alan J, Peden Margaret M, Morojele Neo K
Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Group, Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
J Stud Alcohol. 2002 Jul;63(4):430-5. doi: 10.15288/jsa.2002.63.430.
To provide community-level public health surveillance on alcohol misuse in South Africa and the associated negative consequences.
A descriptive, epidemiological study of alcohol use based on data gathered biannually from multiple sources over 4 years, including specialist treatment centers, trauma units, mortuaries, psychiatric facilities, and surveys of school students and arrestees. Networks were set up in five sentinel sites to facilitate the collection, interpretation and dissemination of data.
Indicators point to the widespread misuse of alcohol. Alcohol consistently dominates the demand for substance use disorders treatment services. In the second half of 2000, 51.1% (Cape Town) to 77.0% (Mpumalanga) of patients reported alcohol as their primary substance of abuse. A high proportion of patients in trauma units tested positive for alcohol in 2000, ranging from 40.3% (Durban) to 91.8% (Port Elizabeth). Similarly, a high proportion of mortality cases tested positive for alcohol, ranging from 40.3% (Durban) to 67.2% (Port Elizabeth). Although treatment demand is dominated by men and older persons, alcohol misuse occurs among all sectors. School surveys reflect harmful drinking patterns among students, with 53.3% and 36.5% of male students in Durban and Cape Town, respectively, reporting heavy-drinking episodes by Grade 11.
Alcohol misuse has a number of implications for public health policy, such as the need to develop protocols for the management of alcohol-positive patients in trauma units and to target prevention programs at heavy drinking by young people. Further monitoring of alcohol misuse and its associated negative consequences is required.
对南非酒精滥用及其相关负面后果进行社区层面的公共卫生监测。
基于4年期间每半年从多个来源收集的数据开展一项关于酒精使用的描述性流行病学研究，这些来源包括专科治疗中心、创伤科、停尸房、精神科设施以及对学生和被捕者的调查。在5个哨点设立了网络，以促进数据的收集、解读和传播。
各项指标表明酒精滥用现象普遍存在。酒精一直是物质使用障碍治疗服务需求的主导因素。2000年下半年，51.1%（开普敦）至77.0%（姆普马兰加）的患者报告酒精是其主要滥用物质。2000年，创伤科的很大一部分患者酒精检测呈阳性，范围从40.3%（德班）至91.8%（伊丽莎白港）。同样，很大一部分死亡病例酒精检测呈阳性，范围从40.3%（德班）至67.2%（伊丽莎白港）。尽管治疗需求以男性和老年人为主，但酒精滥用在各个群体中都有发生。学校调查反映了学生中的有害饮酒模式，德班和开普敦分别有53.3%和36.5%的11年级男学生报告有酗酒经历。
酒精滥用对公共卫生政策有诸多影响，比如需要制定针对创伤科酒精检测呈阳性患者的管理方案，以及针对年轻人酗酒问题开展预防项目。需要进一步监测酒精滥用及其相关负面后果。
