Kapur Deeksha, Agarwal Kailash Nath, Agarwal Dev Kumari
School of Continuing Education, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 2002 Jul;69(7):607-16. doi: 10.1007/BF02722690.
Available studies on prevalence of nutritional anemia in India show that 65% infant and toddlers, 60% 1-6 years of age, 88% adolescent girls (3.3% had hemoglobin < 7.0 g/dl; severe anemia) and 85% pregnant women (9.9% having severe anemia) were anemic. The prevalence of anemia was marginally higher in lactating women as compared to pregnancy. The commonest is iron deficiency anemia. National programmes to control and prevent anemia have not been successful. Experiences from other countries in controlling moderately-severe anemia guide to adopt long-term measures i.e. fortification of food items like milk, cereal, sugar, salt with iron. Use of iron utensils in boiling milk, cooking vegetables etc may contribute significant amount of dietary iron. Nutrition education to improve dietary intakes in family for receiving needed macro/micro nutrients as protein, iron and vitamins like folic acid, B12, A and C etc. for hemoglobin synthesis is important. As an immediate measure medicinal iron is necessary to control anemia. Addition of folate with iron controls anemia and is neuroprotective. Evidence in early childhood suggests vitamin B12 deficiency anemia; thus it may also be given along with iron and folate.
印度关于营养性贫血患病率的现有研究表明，65%的婴幼儿、60%的1至6岁儿童、88%的青春期女孩（3.3%血红蛋白<7.0 g/dl；重度贫血）以及85%的孕妇（9.9%患有重度贫血）患有贫血。哺乳期妇女的贫血患病率略高于孕期。最常见的是缺铁性贫血。国家控制和预防贫血的计划尚未成功。其他国家控制中度至重度贫血的经验表明应采取长期措施，即对牛奶、谷物、糖、盐等食品进行铁强化。在煮牛奶、烹饪蔬菜等过程中使用铁制炊具可能会提供大量膳食铁。开展营养教育以改善家庭饮食摄入，从而获取蛋白质、铁以及叶酸、维生素B12、维生素A和维生素C等宏量/微量营养素以合成血红蛋白，这一点很重要。作为一项即时措施，药用铁对于控制贫血是必要的。铁与叶酸一起使用可控制贫血并具有神经保护作用。幼儿期的证据表明存在维生素B12缺乏性贫血；因此也可将其与铁和叶酸一起给予。
