Clark W T, Kane L, Arnold P K, Robertson I D
Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and School of Psychology, Murdoch University, Western Australia.
Aust Vet J. 2002 Jan-Feb;80(1-2):37-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2002.tb12830.x.
To determine the clinical skills and areas of knowledge used by veterinarians in small animal practice during their first year after graduation and the degree of assistance and supervision they received while developing these skills.
A postal survey was sent in December 1999 to 59 veterinarians who completed their training at Murdoch University in December 1998.
The first part of the survey asked for information on veterinary work patterns since leaving university. The second part consisted of a list of diagnostic and therapeutic skills of varying complexity and the graduates were asked to indicate whether they had used these skills in practice and whether they had been assisted or supervised while doing them. The respondents were also asked if they had had the opportunity to practise these skills as undergraduates at university or during extramural experience. In the third part the areas of knowledge used in practice were assessed by analysis of a series of consecutive cases.
Forty replies were received but since three graduates had done no small animal work the analysis of the skills section is based on 37 responses. Thirty graduates supplied information on 994 canine cases and 308 feline cases. The distribution of the mean work time was dogs and cats 69%, horses 13%, farm animals 11%, birds 3% and others 4%. Skills used by over 90% of graduates included general anaesthesia, examination of the tympanic membrane, taking and interpreting an abdominal radiograph, catheterising a male cat, fine needle aspiration of a mass, neutering dogs and cats, tooth scaling and extraction and treating an aural haematoma. The survey also identified the opportunities for undergraduates to practise some of these skills during extramural experence and the extent of assistance given to new graduates during their first year in practice. The areas of knowledge used in over 10% of the cases included vaccination, anaesthesia/sedation, skin/coat problems, general advice on pet health, neutering and musculoskeletal diseases.
Veterinarians, in their first year after graduation, use a wide range of complex diagnostic and therapeutic skills. Although many of these skills are acquired during the undergraduate training, a significant contribution is made by extramural practical work undertaken during the clinical years of the undergraduate course and in the first year following graduation. Practising veterinarians play an important role in providing opportunities and supervision for clinical training.
确定小动物临床兽医毕业后第一年所使用的临床技能和知识领域，以及他们在培养这些技能时所获得的协助和监督程度。
1999年12月向1998年12月在默多克大学完成培训的59名兽医进行了邮寄调查。
调查的第一部分询问了自大学毕业后的兽医工作模式信息。第二部分包括一系列不同复杂程度的诊断和治疗技能清单，要求毕业生指出他们在实践中是否使用过这些技能，以及在操作时是否得到过协助或监督。还询问了受访者在大学本科期间或校外实习期间是否有机会练习这些技能。第三部分通过对一系列连续病例的分析评估了实践中使用的知识领域。
共收到40份回复，但由于有3名毕业生未从事小动物工作，因此技能部分的分析基于37份回复。30名毕业生提供了994例犬病例和3零八例猫病例的信息。平均工作时间的分布为犬和猫69%，马13%，农场动物11%，鸟类3%，其他4%。超过90%的毕业生使用的技能包括全身麻醉、鼓膜检查、拍摄和解读腹部X光片、给雄性猫插导尿管、肿块细针穿刺、犬猫绝育、牙齿洁治和拔除以及治疗耳血肿。调查还确定了本科生在校外实习期间练习其中一些技能的机会，以及新毕业生在实践第一年所获得的协助程度。超过10%的病例中使用的知识领域包括疫苗接种、麻醉/镇静、皮肤/毛发问题、宠物健康一般建议、绝育和肌肉骨骼疾病。
兽医在毕业后的第一年使用了广泛的复杂诊断和治疗技能。虽然其中许多技能是在本科培训期间获得的，但本科临床课程期间和毕业后第一年进行的校外实践工作也做出了重大贡献。执业兽医在提供临床培训机会和监督方面发挥着重要作用。
