Shoenfelt Elizabeth L, Snyder Leslie A, Maue Allison E, McDowell C Patrick, Woolard Christopher D
Department of Psychology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green 42101, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2002 Jun;94(3 Pt 2):1113-23. doi: 10.2466/pms.2002.94.3c.1113.
The proposition that variable practice may be superior to constant practice even for consistent transfer situations was tested on a prototypical consistently performed skill, the basketball free throw. 94 participants were matched on free-throw shooting, then randomly assigned to one of four practice conditions, a Constant condition, i.e., at the free-throw line, and three Variable conditions. Under supervision participants practiced shooting free throws four days a week for three weeks. Three substantially different variable practice conditions produced significant improvement similar to that of constant practice on tests during each week of practice and on a delayed retention test. Consistent with the proposition, the most variable practice group performed as well as the other groups on the retention test despite lower practice performance.
即使在一致性迁移的情况下，变量练习可能优于常量练习这一命题，在一项典型的持续执行的技能——篮球罚球上进行了测试。94名参与者在罚球投篮方面进行了匹配，然后被随机分配到四个练习条件之一，一个常量条件，即在罚球线，以及三个变量条件。在监督下，参与者每周四天进行罚球练习，持续三周。三种显著不同的变量练习条件在练习的每周测试以及延迟保留测试中都产生了与常量练习类似的显著进步。与该命题一致的是，尽管练习表现较低，但在保留测试中，变化最大的练习组与其他组表现相当。
