Memmert Daniel
Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Germany.
Percept Mot Skills. 2006 Dec;103(3):912-6. doi: 10.2466/pms.103.3.912-916.
This study analyzed the long-term effects of practice schedule on shooting performance in basketball during actual field training. 32 college students (16 female) ages 20 to 29 years completed voluntary basketball training in one of two equal-sized groups employing either constant versus random training. The constant practice group took 160 shots from the free throw line, while the variable practice group took 160 shots from different positions around the restricted area. Learning and transfer (variation of throwing distance and size of the ball) performance was assessed with the Basketball-Shooting Test before and after training and on a retention test 1 yr. later. Significant measures in performance were attributed to learning and transfer in both training groups at all measurement times. Constant training groups had better acquisition and random training groups had better retention. The anticipated transfer effect in the random group was not found.
本研究分析了实际场地训练中练习安排对篮球投篮表现的长期影响。32名年龄在20至29岁之间的大学生（16名女性）在两个规模相等的小组之一中完成了自愿篮球训练，这两个小组分别采用固定练习和随机练习。固定练习组从罚球线投篮160次，而可变练习组从限制区周围的不同位置投篮160次。在训练前后以及1年后的保持测试中，使用篮球投篮测试评估学习和迁移（投篮距离和球大小的变化）表现。在所有测量时间点，两个训练组的表现显著差异都归因于学习和迁移。固定训练组有更好的习得效果，随机训练组有更好的保持效果。未发现随机组有预期的迁移效果。
