Avila Castañón Lourdes, Pérez López Jaime, del Río Navarro Blanca Estela, Rosas Vargas Miguel A, Lerma Ortiz Lourdes, Sienra Monge Juan José Luis
Departamento de Alergia e Inmunología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez núm. 162, Col. Doctores, México, DF, CP 06720.
Rev Alerg Mex. 2002 May-Jun;49(3):74-9.
The prevalence of food allergy depends on the feeding practices of different parts of the world. Peanuts and nuts cause a great part of allergies in the United States; in Spain and Portugal are commonly due to fish, milk; in Italy seafood and mustard in France. In Mexico we don't know the frequency of food allergy and involved groups of age or specific foods.
To determine the frequency of immediate hypersensitivity for foods in allergic children from Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez.
A retrospective study was performed between January 1995 to December 1999. The skin prick test (SPT) to food was reviewed according to Aas classification. Male and female from 12 months to 18 years old were reviewed.
We documented 1,419 patients with allergy. Of them 442 (31%) had positive skin prick test (SPT) to some of the 33 tested foods. The average age of the study group was of 12.8 years. The most affected was from 4 to 7 years (49%); the second group from 1 to 3 years with 23.7%, and the third was from 12 to 17 years with 13.5%. Fish, milky, seafood, soy, beans, orange, onion, tomato, chicken, nut, lettuce and strawberry, were responsible for 58% of the total of allergic reactions. Of those fish, milk, seafood, soy and orange (39%) had the highest frequency. Hypersensitivity to several foods is low, finding just one allergen in 50% of the cases, two allergens in 25%, three allergens in 9%, four in 7%, five in 5% and more than 6 only in 3% of cases.
We concluded that almost any kind of food reaction seen in our study was due to alimentary habits of different populations, socioeconomic status, and availability of foods. This indicates the diversity of costumes in Mexican people due to the wide geographical area and cultural background of our country. Results could be increased because of only 33 allergens were tested.
食物过敏的患病率取决于世界不同地区的喂养方式。在美国，花生和坚果导致了很大一部分过敏反应；在西班牙和葡萄牙，常见的过敏原因是鱼类、牛奶；在意大利是海鲜，在法国是芥末。在墨西哥，我们不清楚食物过敏的发生率以及涉及的年龄组或特定食物。
确定墨西哥费德里科·戈麦斯儿童医院过敏儿童中食物速发型超敏反应的发生率。
进行了一项回顾性研究，时间跨度为1995年1月至1999年12月。根据阿斯分类法对食物皮肤点刺试验（SPT）进行回顾。对12个月至18岁的男性和女性进行了评估。
我们记录了1419例过敏患者。其中442例（31%）对33种受试食物中的某些食物皮肤点刺试验呈阳性。研究组的平均年龄为12.8岁。受影响最大的是4至7岁的儿童（49%）；第二组是1至3岁的儿童，占23.7%，第三组是12至17岁的青少年，占13.5%。鱼类、牛奶、海鲜、大豆、豆类、橙子、洋葱、番茄、鸡肉、坚果、生菜和草莓，占过敏反应总数的58%。其中鱼类、牛奶、海鲜、大豆和橙子（39%）的发生率最高。对多种食物的超敏反应较低，50%的病例仅发现一种过敏原，25%的病例发现两种过敏原，9%的病例发现三种过敏原，7%的病例发现四种过敏原，5% 的病例发现五种过敏原，只有
3% 的病例发现六种以上过敏原。
我们得出结论，在我们的研究中观察到几乎任何类型的食物反应都是由于不同人群的饮食习惯、社会经济地位和食物供应情况所致。这表明由于我国地域广阔和文化背景，墨西哥人的习俗具有多样性。由于仅测试了33种过敏原，结果可能会有所增加。
