Rodgers Gregory B
Directorate for Economic Analysis, US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002 Sep;156(9):929-33. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.156.9.929.
To evaluate the effectiveness of child-resistant packaging in reducing the mortality rate from the unintentional ingestion of aspirin for children younger than 5 years.
Estimates of the annual aspirin-related mortality rate for children younger than 5 years in the United States were developed for the 1958-1990 study period. A multivariate negative binomial regression model was then used to estimate the independent effect of the packaging requirements on the child mortality rate during the postintervention period. The analysis controlled for changes in the per capita use of aspirin, long-term safety trends, and other extraneous and potentially confounding factors that may have affected the aspirin-related child mortality rate.
Estimated percentage reduction in the child mortality rate associated with the use of child-resistant packaging.
After controlling for covariates, the use of child-resistant packaging was associated with a 34% reduction in the aspirin-related child mortality rate. This mortality rate reduction equates to the prevention of about 90 child deaths during the 1973-1990 postregulatory study period.
Child-resistant packaging has been effective in reducing aspirin-related child poisonings. However, because its effectiveness is only partial, further poison prevention strategies should be developed and instituted.
评估防止儿童开启包装在降低5岁以下儿童因意外摄入阿司匹林导致的死亡率方面的有效性。
针对1958 - 1990年研究期间，对美国5岁以下儿童每年与阿司匹林相关的死亡率进行了估算。随后使用多变量负二项回归模型来估算干预后时期包装要求对儿童死亡率的独立影响。该分析控制了阿司匹林人均使用量的变化、长期安全趋势以及其他可能影响与阿司匹林相关的儿童死亡率的外部和潜在混杂因素。
与使用防止儿童开启包装相关的儿童死亡率估计降低百分比。
在控制协变量后，使用防止儿童开启包装与阿司匹林相关的儿童死亡率降低34%相关。这一死亡率降低相当于在1973 - 1990年监管后研究期间预防了约90例儿童死亡。
防止儿童开启包装在降低与阿司匹林相关的儿童中毒方面已见成效。然而，由于其效果只是部分有效，应制定并实施进一步的预防中毒策略。
