Steptoe Andrew, Wardle Jane, Cui Weiwei, Bellisle France, Zotti Anna-Maria, Baranyai Reka, Sanderman Robert
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
Prev Med. 2002 Aug;35(2):97-104. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2002.1048.
Smoking, diet, and physical exercise are key determinants of health. This study assessed changes over 10 years and their relationship to changes in health beliefs and risk awareness.
A survey was carried out of university students from 13 European countries (Belgium, England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Spain) in 1990 (4,701 men, 5,729 women) and repeated in 2000 (4,604 men, 5,732 women). We assessed smoking, exercise, fruit and fat intake, beliefs in the importance of behaviors for health, and awareness of the influence of behaviors on heart disease risk.
Smoking prevalence increased and fruit consumption decreased between 1990 and 2000, while physical exercise and fat intake were more stable. There were large variations between country samples. Health beliefs weakened, with marked decreases in beliefs about smoking and diet. Across country samples, changes in beliefs correlated with changes in the prevalence of behaviors. Awareness of the effects of smoking and exercise was stable, but knowledge of the role of fat intake increased over the decade.
The differences in health behaviors, beliefs, and risk awareness between the two surveys were disappointing in this educated sector of young adult Europeans. The association between changes in beliefs and prevalence of behavior emphasizes the importance of enhancing positive attitudes to healthier lifestyles.
吸烟、饮食和体育锻炼是健康的关键决定因素。本研究评估了10年间的变化及其与健康观念和风险意识变化的关系。
1990年对来自13个欧洲国家（比利时、英国、法国、德国、希腊、匈牙利、冰岛、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、波兰、葡萄牙和西班牙）的大学生进行了一项调查（4701名男性，5729名女性），并于2000年重复进行（4604名男性，5732名女性）。我们评估了吸烟、锻炼、水果和脂肪摄入量、对行为对健康重要性的信念以及对行为对心脏病风险影响的认识。
1990年至2000年间，吸烟率上升，水果消费量下降，而体育锻炼和脂肪摄入量则更为稳定。不同国家的样本之间存在很大差异。健康观念有所减弱，对吸烟和饮食的信念明显下降。在不同国家的样本中，观念的变化与行为流行率的变化相关。对吸烟和锻炼影响的认识较为稳定，但在这十年间，对脂肪摄入作用的了解有所增加。
在欧洲年轻成年人这个受过教育的群体中，两次调查之间健康行为、观念和风险意识的差异令人失望。观念变化与行为流行率之间的关联强调了增强对更健康生活方式积极态度的重要性。
