Walsh T, Beatty P C W
Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Manchester, UK.
Physiol Meas. 2002 Aug;23(3):R111-32. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/23/3/201.
A wide range of studies have shown that human factors errors are the major cause of critical incidents that threaten patient safety in the medical environments where patient monitoring takes place, contributing to approximately 87% of all such incidents. Studies have also shown that good cognitively ergonomic design of monitoring equipment for use in these environments should reduce the human factors errors associated with the information they provide. The purpose of this review is to consider the current state of knowledge concerning human factors engineering in its application to patient monitoring. It considers the prevalence of human factors error, principles of good human factors design, the effect of specific design features and the problem of the measurement of the effectiveness of designs in reducing human factors error. The conclusion of the review is that whilst the focus of human factors studies has, in recent years, moved from instrument design to organizational issues, patient monitor designers still have an important contribution to make to improving the safety of the monitored patient. Further, whilst better psychological understanding of the causes of human factors errors will in future guide better human factors engineering, in this area there are still many practical avenues of research that need exploring from the current base of understanding.
大量研究表明，在进行患者监测的医疗环境中，人为因素失误是威胁患者安全的严重事故的主要原因，约占所有此类事故的87%。研究还表明，针对这些环境中使用的监测设备进行良好的认知工效学设计，应能减少与设备所提供信息相关的人为因素失误。本综述的目的是探讨人类因素工程在患者监测应用方面的当前知识状况。它考虑了人为因素失误的普遍性、良好的人为因素设计原则、特定设计特征的影响以及设计在减少人为因素失误方面有效性的测量问题。综述的结论是，虽然近年来人为因素研究的重点已从仪器设计转向组织问题，但患者监测设备设计者仍可为提高被监测患者的安全性做出重要贡献。此外，虽然未来对人为因素失误原因的更深入心理学理解将指导更好的人类因素工程，但从当前的理解基础来看，在这一领域仍有许多实际的研究途径有待探索。
