地理位置相近的自助和社区心理健康机构新客户的特征。
Characteristics of new clients at self-help and community mental health agencies in geographic proximity.
作者信息
Segal Steven P, Hardiman Eric R, Hodges John Q
机构信息
Mental Health and Social Welfare Research Group, School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
出版信息
Psychiatr Serv. 2002 Sep;53(9):1145-52. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.53.9.1145.
OBJECTIVE
Self-help agencies are funded as adjuncts of, referral sources for, or alternatives to community mental health agencies. Little is known about how these two types of organization in geographic proximity interact, whom they attract as prospective clients, and what their clients bring to the service situation. The authors compared the characteristics and past service use of new enrollees of self-help agencies and community mental health agencies serving the same geographic area.
METHODS
Interview assessments were conducted with 673 new users at ten pairs of self-help and community mental health agencies serving the same geographic areas. Client characteristics were evaluated with multivariate analysis of variance and chi square tests.
RESULTS
Clients of community mental health agencies had more acute symptoms, lower levels of social functioning, and more life stressors in the previous 30 days than clients of self-help agencies. The self-help agency cohort evidenced greater self-esteem, locus of control, and hope about the future. Clients of self-help agencies had received more services from facilities other than self-help or community mental health agencies in the previous six months, and clients of self-help agencies who were not African American had more long-term mental health service histories.
CONCLUSIONS
Although self-help and community mental health agencies both provide services to people with major mental disorders, community mental health agencies deliver primarily acute treatment-focused services, whereas self-help agencies provide services aimed at fostering socialization, mutual support, empowerment, and autonomy.
目的
自助机构作为社区心理健康机构的辅助机构、转介来源或替代机构获得资金支持。对于这两类地理位置相近的组织如何相互作用、它们吸引哪些潜在客户以及它们的客户给服务带来了什么，人们了解甚少。作者比较了服务于同一地理区域的自助机构和社区心理健康机构新登记人员的特征及过去的服务使用情况。
方法
对服务于同一地理区域的十对自助机构和社区心理健康机构的673名新用户进行了访谈评估。通过多变量方差分析和卡方检验对客户特征进行了评估。
结果
与自助机构的客户相比，社区心理健康机构的客户在前30天内症状更严重、社会功能水平更低且生活压力源更多。自助机构的人群表现出更高的自尊、控制点和对未来的希望。自助机构的客户在过去六个月中从自助或社区心理健康机构以外的设施获得了更多服务，并且非非裔美国的自助机构客户有更长的长期心理健康服务史。
结论
尽管自助机构和社区心理健康机构都为患有严重精神障碍的人提供服务，但社区心理健康机构主要提供以急性治疗为重点的服务，而自助机构提供旨在促进社交、相互支持、赋权和自主的服务。
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