Minda H, Molnár S, Burus I, Decsi T
Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Hungary.
Acta Paediatr. 2002;91(8):874-81. doi: 10.1080/080352502760148568.
Significantly higher levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma lipids have previously been reported in 2 to 8-wk-old as well as in 6 to 12-mo-old full-term infants fed exclusively human milk than in infants exclusively receiving formula without AA and DHA. However, in real life many infants receive both human milk and breast milk substitute formula. Healthy, full-term infants aged 2 to 12 mo and fed exclusively human milk (n = 29, age: 29.2 [14.6] wk, mean [SD], no human milk substitute formula), exclusively formula without AA and DHA (n = 30, age: 26.6 [15.2] wk, no human milk after the age of 1 mo) or combined diet (n = 38, age: 30.3 [12.8] wk, human milk for > 1 mo and breast milk substitute formula) were investigated in this cross-sectional study. Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyeline lipids was determined by high-resolution capillary gas-liquid chromatography. The most pronounced diet-related differences were seen in PE lipids. Values of PE alpha-linolenic acid (0.07 [0.05] vs 0.26 [0.18] vs 0.19 [0.19], median [range from the 1st to the 3rd quartile], exclusively breastfed vs. exclusively formula fed vs combined diet), eicosapentaenoic acid (0.19 [0.13] vs 0.35 [0.23] vs 0.27 [0.31]) and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (1.34 [0.42] vs 1.86 [0.62] vs 1.58 [0.73]) were significantly lower in exclusively breastfed infants than in those fed formula, exclusively or partially. In contrast, PE AA (26.48 [2.50] vs 24.34 [4.74] vs 24.94 [3.64]) and DHA (4.93 [2.91] vs 3.51 [2.14] vs 3.58 [2.27]) values were significantly higher in exclusively breastfed infants than in the other two groups.
In full-term infants aged 2 to 12 mo, erythrocyte membrane AA and DHA values are significantly higher with exclusive breastfeeding than with partial breastfeeding or exclusive feeding of formula without AA and DHA.
此前有报道称，相较于完全只食用不含花生四烯酸（AA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）配方奶的婴儿，2至8周龄以及6至12月龄的足月纯母乳喂养婴儿血浆脂质中的花生四烯酸（AA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）水平显著更高。然而，在现实生活中，许多婴儿既食用母乳又食用母乳代用品配方奶。在这项横断面研究中，对健康的2至12月龄足月婴儿进行了调查，这些婴儿分别为纯母乳喂养（n = 29，年龄：29.2 [14.6]周，均值[标准差]，未食用母乳代用品配方奶）、完全食用不含AA和DHA的配方奶（n = 30，年龄：26.6 [15.2]周，1月龄后未食用母乳）或混合饮食（n = 38，年龄：30.3 [12.8]周，母乳喂养超过1个月并食用母乳代用品配方奶）。通过高分辨率毛细管气液色谱法测定红细胞膜磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）、磷脂酰胆碱和鞘磷脂脂质的脂肪酸组成。在PE脂质中观察到最明显的饮食相关差异。PEα-亚麻酸的值（0.07 [0.05] 对比 0.26 [0.18] 对比 0.19 [0.19]，中位数[第一至第三四分位数范围]，纯母乳喂养对比纯配方奶喂养对比混合饮食）、二十碳五烯酸（0.19 [0.13] 对比 0.35 [0.23] 对比 0.27 [0.31]）和二高-γ-亚麻酸（1.34 [0.42] 对比 1.86 [0.62] 对比 1.58 [0.73]）在纯母乳喂养婴儿中显著低于纯配方奶喂养或部分配方奶喂养的婴儿。相反，PE AA（26.48 [2.50] 对比 24.34 [4.74] 对比 24.94 [3.64]）和DHA（4.93 [2.91] 对比 3.51 [2.14] 对比 3.58 [2.27]）的值在纯母乳喂养婴儿中显著高于其他两组。
在2至12月龄的足月婴儿中，纯母乳喂养时红细胞膜AA和DHA值显著高于部分母乳喂养或完全喂养不含AA和DHA的配方奶。
