Winkler Christiane, Hummel Sandra, Pflüger Maren, Ziegler Anette-G, Geppert Julia, Demmelmair Hans, Koletzko Berthold
Institut für Diabetesforschung, Kölner Platz 1, 80804 Munich, Germany.
Eur J Nutr. 2008 Apr;47(3):145-52. doi: 10.1007/s00394-008-0708-9. Epub 2008 Apr 28.
The risk for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in children of mothers with T1DM is different to that in children of fathers with T1DM. Fatty acid (FA) intake, in particular EPA and DHA, has been associated with T1DM risk and has been suggested to be inadequate in infants of diabetic mothers. We asked, therefore, whether EPA and DHA FA nutritional status in offspring of mothers with T1DM could contribute to their reduced T1DM risk.
BABYDIET follows children with increased genetic and familial risk for T1DM from birth to age 3 years. FA nutritional state was assessed by determining the erythrocyte membrane phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) composition in children of T1DM mothers and children of T1DM fathers or with T1DM siblings participating in the BABYDIET study. Samples for determination of erythrocyte membrane FA composition were collected at ages 3 and 12 months in 48 and 49 infants, respectively. FA measurements were adjusted for breastfeeding duration, FA supplementation, and gluten exposure.
3-months-old children of T1DM mothers and T1DM fathers/sibs had similar levels of PC DHA and EPA (DHA 1.53+/-0.23 vs. 1.65+/-0.11 wt.%; EPA 0.15+/-0.02 vs. 0.21+/-0.03 wt.%) and PE DHA and EPA (DHA 7.54+/-0.37 vs. 7.92+/-0.38 wt.%; EPA 0.53+/-0.06 vs. 0.61+/-0.04 wt.%). No differences were also observed after stratification for breastfeeding. At age 12 months, a minor reduction of PE DHA was observed in children of T1DM mothers. Expected higher levels for DHA and EPA in fully breastfed children and in children of mothers taking fish oil supplementation were observed at 3 months in all children. Other differences included increased levels of the major saturated FA 16:0 in 3-months-old infants from T1DM mothers (PC 35.45+/-0.35 vs. 33.89+/-0.26 wt.%, mean +/- SEM, P(corr)=0.005; PE 16.13+/-0.39 vs. 14.93+/-0.24 wt.%, P(corr)=0.05).
Although FA status was not identical in children from T1DM mothers and from T1DM fathers, maternal T1DM was not associated with changes in offspring's EPA and DHA incorporation into erythrocyte membrane.
患有1型糖尿病（T1DM）的母亲所生子女患T1DM的风险与患有T1DM的父亲所生子女不同。脂肪酸（FA）摄入，尤其是二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），与T1DM风险相关，且有人提出糖尿病母亲的婴儿体内这些脂肪酸含量不足。因此，我们探究了患有T1DM的母亲所生后代的EPA和DHA营养状况是否有助于降低其患T1DM的风险。
BABYDIET研究追踪了从出生到3岁具有较高T1DM遗传和家族风险的儿童。通过测定参与BABYDIET研究的T1DM母亲的子女、T1DM父亲的子女或有T1DM兄弟姐妹的儿童的红细胞膜磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）和磷脂酰胆碱（PC）组成，来评估FA营养状况。分别在48名和49名婴儿3个月和12个月大时采集用于测定红细胞膜FA组成的样本。对FA测量结果进行了母乳喂养持续时间、FA补充剂和麸质暴露的校正。
T1DM母亲的3个月大子女与T1DM父亲/兄弟姐妹的子女的PC DHA和EPA水平相似（DHA分别为1.53±0.23 wt.%和1.65±0.11 wt.%；EPA分别为0.15±0.02 wt.%和0.21±0.03 wt.%），PE DHA和EPA水平也相似（DHA分别为7.54±0.37 wt.%和7.92±0.38 wt.%；EPA分别为0.53±0.06 wt.%和0.61±0.04 wt.%）。按母乳喂养分层后也未观察到差异。在12个月大时，观察到T1DM母亲的子女中PE DHA略有降低。在所有儿童3个月大时，观察到纯母乳喂养儿童以及母亲服用鱼油补充剂的儿童中DHA和EPA水平预期会更高。其他差异包括T1DM母亲的3个月大婴儿中主要饱和脂肪酸16:0水平升高（PC为35.45±0.35 wt.% vs. 33.89±0.26 wt.%，均值±标准误，P（校正）=0.005；PE为16.13±0.39 wt.% vs. 14.93±0.24 wt.%，P（校正）=0.05）。
虽然T1DM母亲的子女与T1DM父亲的子女的FA状况并不相同，但母亲患T1DM与后代红细胞膜中EPA和DHA的掺入变化无关。
