De Roos André M, Persson Lennart
Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94084, NL-1090 GB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 1;99(20):12907-12. doi: 10.1073/pnas.192174199. Epub 2002 Sep 17.
Catastrophic population collapses such as observed in many exploited fish populations have been argued to result from depensatory growth mechanisms (i.e., reduced reproductive success at low population densities, also known as Allee effect). Empirical support for depensation from population-level data is, however, hard to obtain and inconclusive. Using a size-structured, individual-based model we show that catastrophic population collapses may nonetheless be an intrinsic property of many communities, because of two general aspects of individual life history: size- and food-dependent individual growth and individual mortality decreasing with body size. Positive density dependence, characteristic for depensatory growth mechanisms and catastrophic behavior, results as a direct and robust consequence of the interplay between these individual life-history traits, which are commonly found in many species.
许多被捕捞鱼类种群中观察到的灾难性种群崩溃被认为是由补偿性生长机制（即低种群密度下繁殖成功率降低，也称为阿利效应）导致的。然而，从种群水平数据获得对补偿性生长的实证支持很难，且尚无定论。我们使用一个基于个体的大小结构模型表明，由于个体生活史的两个一般方面：大小和食物依赖的个体生长以及个体死亡率随体型减小，灾难性种群崩溃可能仍是许多群落的固有属性。正密度依赖性是补偿性生长机制和灾难性行为的特征，它是这些个体生活史特征之间相互作用的直接而有力的结果，而这些特征在许多物种中普遍存在。
