Kennedy Christine M, Strzempko Fran, Danford Cynthia, Kools Susan
University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family Health Care, 2 Koret Way, Rm N 411, San Francisco, CA 94143-0606, USA.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2002;34(3):289-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00289.x.
To understand and document children's stated experiences and beliefs about television and to elicit their suggestions for alternative activities.
Eleven focus groups were conducted with 51 Anglo and Latino children, ages 7-10, in a large Northern California city. Philosophical underpinnings of developmental psychology were the basis for multiphase thematic analysis. Data were collected in 1998-1999.
Themes were identified in five conceptual categories. Findings showed that children did not perceive many parental rules related to TV watching, rather daily routines are associated with TV viewing. Children revealed both covert and overt motivations for watching. Nearly all participants spoke of the deception of advertising, but they were unclear about the role of commercial sponsors in payment for TV shows. Children perceived both negative physical and behavioral health effects of TV and they had great difficulty imagining life without a TV.
Children perceived television as providing educational and relational needs. Although they preferred alternatives to TV, they had difficulty articulating and getting those needs met. Clinicians and researchers can utilize these findings to design health interventions that attenuate the health-impairing effects of habitual sedentary activity in childhood.
了解并记录儿童关于电视的既定体验和信念，并征求他们对替代活动的建议。
在北加利福尼亚州的一个大城市，对51名7至10岁的盎格鲁和拉丁裔儿童进行了11个焦点小组访谈。发展心理学的哲学基础是多阶段主题分析的依据。数据于1998年至1999年收集。
在五个概念类别中确定了主题。研究结果表明，儿童并未察觉到许多与看电视相关的父母规定，相反，日常活动与看电视有关。儿童透露了看电视的隐蔽和公开动机。几乎所有参与者都谈到了广告的欺骗性，但他们不清楚商业赞助商在支付电视节目费用中的作用。儿童察觉到电视对身体和行为健康有负面影响，并且很难想象没有电视的生活。
儿童认为电视能满足教育和社交需求。尽管他们更喜欢电视之外的活动，但他们难以表达并满足这些需求。临床医生和研究人员可以利用这些研究结果来设计健康干预措施，以减轻童年时期习惯性久坐活动对健康的损害。
