Plane D A
Int J Popul Geogr. 1999 May-Jun;5(3):195-212. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1220(199905/06)5:3<195::AID-IJPG138>3.0.CO;2-K.
"How one conceptualises the impacts of migration depends on whether one takes the viewpoint of aggregate area-level income change, of per capita change, or of longer-term (future earnings) change. Several empirical analytical measures are proposed in order to conceptualise the various income impacts of migration.... [A] decomposition procedure is developed for examining how the changes in per capita income of states reflect three different income differentials: those between (a) in-migrants and 'stayers', (b) out-migrants and 'stayers', and (c) in-migrants and out-migrants. Examination of these measures, and of typologies based on them, highlights how income migration significantly and differentially impacts upon U.S. states. The methods are illustrated here in the context of an important new American data source: the 1993-94 migrant income data released by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service."
人们如何理解移民的影响取决于其是从地区总收入变化、人均变化还是长期（未来收入）变化的角度来看待。为了理解移民对各种收入的影响，提出了几种实证分析方法……[A] 开发了一种分解程序，用于研究各州人均收入的变化如何反映三种不同的收入差异：（a）迁入者与“留居者”之间的差异，（b）迁出者与“留居者”之间的差异，以及（c）迁入者与迁出者之间的差异。对这些方法以及基于它们的类型学的研究，突出了收入迁移如何对美国各州产生显著且不同的影响。这里在美国一个重要的新数据源的背景下说明了这些方法：美国国税局发布的1993 - 94年移民收入数据。
