Polimeni Anne-Maree, Hardie Elizabeth, Buzwell Simone
Swinburne University of Technology, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
Psychol Rep. 2002 Aug;91(1):142-52. doi: 10.2466/pr0.2002.91.1.142.
This study developed a psychometrically sound measure of closeness in Australian men's (n = 59) and women's (n = 77) same-sex friendships, the Friendship Closeness Inventory. Subscales were developed to measure both masculine and feminine styles of closeness in three domains of Emotional Closeness, Behavioural Closeness, and Cognitive Closeness. The inventory was subjected to reliability checks which supported the reliability of each scale, and factor analyses which supported the 3-factor design. Correlations among ratings on subscales suggested that the affective, behavioural, and cognitive dimensions are distinguishable but related components of friendship. Group comparisons indicated that women rated themselves closer to their same-sex friends on the affective dimension than men. Researchers have suggested that sex-role socialisation may partly account for sex differences in self-ratings of emotional expressiveness in friendships. There were no significant differences between men's and women's ratings on the behavioural and cognitive aspects of friendships. The cognitive element may need further exploration in further scale development as it measures only one aspect of cognitive closeness: the perceived influence of friends. Pending further validation, the inventory appears potentially useful for research exploring affective, behavioural, and cognitive elements of young men's and women's friendships.
本研究开发了一种心理测量学上可靠的测量澳大利亚男性（n = 59）和女性（n = 77）同性友谊亲密度的工具——友谊亲密度量表。该量表的分量表用于测量情感亲密度、行为亲密度和认知亲密度三个领域中男性化和女性化的亲密风格。该量表进行了信度检验，结果支持了各分量表的信度，还进行了因子分析，结果支持了三因素设计。分量表评分之间的相关性表明，情感、行为和认知维度是友谊中可区分但相关的组成部分。组间比较表明，在情感维度上，女性对自己与同性朋友亲密程度的评分高于男性。研究人员认为，性别角色社会化可能部分解释了友谊中情感表达自我评分的性别差异。在友谊的行为和认知方面，男性和女性的评分没有显著差异。由于认知要素仅测量认知亲密度的一个方面：朋友的感知影响，因此在进一步的量表开发中可能需要进一步探索。在进一步验证之前，该量表似乎对探索年轻男性和女性友谊的情感、行为和认知要素的研究有潜在用途。
