Jonnalagadda Satya S, Diwan Sadhna
Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2002 Oct;21(5):372-80. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2002.10719238.
To examine the nutrient intake of Gujarati Asian Indian immigrants in the U.S. and the influence of length of residence in the U.S. and socioeconomic status (SES) on their macronutrient intake.
Subjects were male (n = 90) and female (n = 99) Gujarati Asian Indian immigrants over the age of 45. Each participant completed a 24-hour dietary recall. Dietary recalls were analyzed using Food Processor nutrient analysis software. Participants were classified into recent immigrants (<10 years length of residence in the U.S.) and long-term immigrants (>10 years length of residence in the U.S.) and into low, medium and high education groups, based on highest level of education achieved, to examine the influence of these variables on their macronutrient intake.
The macronutrient contributions to the total energy intake of these Gujarati Asian Indian immigrants were as follows: carbohydrate 57%, protein 12% and total fat 33%. The diets were low in cholesterol (<100 mg/day) and high in dietary fiber (>/=25 g/day). Reported intakes of vitamin D, calcium (women only), potassium (women only), copper and zinc were less than two-thirds of the recommendations. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in macronutrient intake were observed based on length of residence in the U.S. and SES. Regression analysis indicates age, total energy intake, length of residence in the U.S. and SES to have a significant influence on the nutrient intake of these Gujarati Asian Indian immigrants.
The nutrient intakes of these Gujarati Asian Indian immigrants indicate both inadequacies and excesses of select macro and micronutrients. These nutrient inadequacies and excesses can impact overall health and risk of chronic diseases of these individuals. Further investigation of the influence of the diets of these immigrants on their health is warranted.
研究美国古吉拉特邦亚洲印度移民的营养摄入情况，以及在美国的居住时长和社会经济地位（SES）对其常量营养素摄入的影响。
研究对象为年龄在45岁以上的古吉拉特邦亚洲印度移民男性（n = 90）和女性（n = 99）。每位参与者完成了一份24小时饮食回顾。使用Food Processor营养分析软件对饮食回顾进行分析。根据在美国的居住时长，参与者被分为新移民（在美国居住时长<10年）和长期移民（在美国居住时长>10年），并根据所获得的最高教育水平分为低、中、高教育组，以研究这些变量对其常量营养素摄入的影响。
这些古吉拉特邦亚洲印度移民的常量营养素对总能量摄入的贡献如下：碳水化合物57%，蛋白质12%，总脂肪33%。饮食中的胆固醇含量低（<100毫克/天），膳食纤维含量高（≥25克/天）。维生素D、钙（仅女性）、钾（仅女性）、铜和锌的报告摄入量不到推荐量的三分之二。根据在美国的居住时长和社会经济地位，观察到常量营养素摄入存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。回归分析表明，年龄、总能量摄入、在美国的居住时长和社会经济地位对这些古吉拉特邦亚洲印度移民的营养摄入有显著影响。
这些古吉拉特邦亚洲印度移民的营养摄入表明某些常量和微量营养素存在不足和过量的情况。这些营养素的不足和过量会影响这些个体的整体健康和慢性病风险。有必要进一步研究这些移民的饮食对其健康的影响。
