Mellor P S, Wittmann E J
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK.
Vet J. 2002 Jul;164(1):20-37. doi: 10.1053/tvjl.2002.0713.
Bluetongue (BT) exists around the world in a broad band covering much of the Americas, Africa, southern Asia, northern Australia and, occasionally, the southern fringe of Europe. It is considered to be one of the most important diseases of domestic livestock. Recently the virus causing this disease has extended its range northwards into areas of Europe never before affected and has persisted in many of these locations causing the greatest epizootic of the disease on record. The reasons for this dramatic change in BT epidemiology are complex but are linked to recent extensions in the distribution of its major vector, Culicoidesimicola, to the involvement of novel Culicoides vector(s) and to an apparent ability of the virus to overwinter in the absence of adult vectors. In addition, the effects of these changes have been exacerbated by problems in control, particularly in relation to vaccination. This paper explores these areas and highlights prospects for the future.
蓝舌病（BT）在全球呈宽带状分布，覆盖美洲大部分地区、非洲、亚洲南部、澳大利亚北部，偶尔也出现在欧洲南部边缘地区。它被认为是家畜最重要的疾病之一。最近，引发这种疾病的病毒向北扩展到了欧洲以前从未受影响的地区，并在许多这些地区持续存在，导致了有记录以来最严重的疫病流行。蓝舌病流行病学发生这种巨大变化的原因很复杂，但与主要传播媒介库蠓（Culicoides imicola）分布范围最近的扩展、新型库蠓传播媒介的参与以及病毒在没有成年传播媒介的情况下明显的越冬能力有关。此外，控制方面的问题，特别是疫苗接种方面的问题，加剧了这些变化的影响。本文探讨了这些领域，并突出了未来的前景。
