Glazer Craig S, Rose Cecile S, Lynch David A
Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
J Thorac Imaging. 2002 Oct;17(4):261-72. doi: 10.1097/00005382-200210000-00003.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory interstitial lung disease caused by recurring exposure to a variety of occupational and environmental antigens. It features widely variable clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic findings. Because the clinical findings of HP mimic multiple other diseases, a high degree of clinical suspicion and a thorough occupational and environmental history are essential for accurate diagnosis. There is no single pathognomonic feature for HP; rather, diagnosis relies on a constellation of clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings. The radiologic manifestations, particularly the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) pattern, provide important clues and frequently point clinicians towards the correct diagnosis. The HRCT findings in HP may include ground-glass opacification, centrilobular nodules, air trapping (mosaic pattern), fibrosis, emphysema, or more frequently a combination of these. The combination of a mosaic pattern with ground-glass opacification and centrilobular nodules is particularly suggestive of the diagnosis. The best long-term prognosis is achieved with early diagnosis and removal from exposure.
过敏性肺炎（HP）是一种炎症性间质性肺疾病，由反复接触多种职业和环境抗原引起。其临床、放射学和组织病理学表现差异很大。由于HP的临床表现与多种其他疾病相似，高度的临床怀疑以及详尽的职业和环境病史对于准确诊断至关重要。HP没有单一的特征性表现；相反，诊断依赖于一系列临床、放射学和病理学表现。放射学表现，尤其是高分辨率计算机断层扫描（HRCT）模式，提供了重要线索，并常常引导临床医生做出正确诊断。HP的HRCT表现可能包括磨玻璃样混浊、小叶中心结节、空气潴留（马赛克样）、纤维化、肺气肿，或更常见的是这些表现的组合。马赛克样表现与磨玻璃样混浊和小叶中心结节的组合尤其提示诊断。早期诊断并脱离接触可实现最佳的长期预后。
