Fisher C, Smith J F
J Clin Pathol. 1975 Nov;28(11):879-90. doi: 10.1136/jcp.28.11.879.
In a review of 156 total or partial nephrectomy specimens from patients over the age of 12 years, renal dysplasia was found 14 times. The cases were divided initially into five groups on the basis of the predominant pathological changes, namely (1) dysplasia (14 cases), (2) chronic pyelonephritis (31 cases), (3) calculous inflammation (58 cases), (4) hydronephrosis (35 cases), and (5) miscellaneous (18 cases). The diagnosis of dysplasia was made on gross and microscopic criteria and included 12 of segmental dysplasia, one of total dysplasia, and one multicystic dysplastic kidney. The principal differential diagnosis is from the irregularly scarred chronic pyelonephritic kidney. The criteria for the separation of the two are emphasized and, in particular, the distinction from those pyelonephritic kidneys with aglomerular scars. A high incidence of anomalies of drainage was found in association with dysplasia, but such were not always present. It was not thought that intrarenal reflux in infancy was an aetiological factor. Six of the cases presented with urinary infection, but only two had hypertension. It was thought that acquired glomerular damage was more important in the aetiology of hypertension than segmental glomerular agenesis.
在一项对12岁以上患者的156份全肾或部分肾切除标本的回顾研究中，发现肾发育异常14次。这些病例最初根据主要病理变化分为五组，即(1)发育异常(14例)，(2)慢性肾盂肾炎(31例)，(3)结石性炎症(58例)，(4)肾积水(35例)，以及(5)其他(18例)。发育异常的诊断基于大体和显微镜标准，包括12例节段性发育异常、1例全肾发育异常和1例多囊性发育不良肾。主要鉴别诊断来自不规则瘢痕形成的慢性肾盂肾炎肾。强调了两者鉴别的标准，特别是与那些有肾小球瘢痕的肾盂肾炎肾的区别。发现发育异常常伴有引流异常，但并非总是如此。婴儿期的肾内反流不被认为是一个病因。其中6例出现尿路感染，但只有2例有高血压。认为获得性肾小球损伤在高血压病因中比节段性肾小球发育不全更重要。
