Sydnor M E Winter, Redente E F
Department of Rangeland Ecosystem Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1478, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2002 Sep-Oct;31(5):1528-37. doi: 10.2134/jeq2002.1528.
The Summitville Mine was a high-elevation (3500 m) gold mine in southwestern Colorado. The mine was abandoned in 1992, leaving approximately 200 ha of disturbance comprised partially of an open pit, a cyanide heap leach pad, and two large waste rock piles. Reclamation of these mine facilities is challenging due to extreme climatic conditions in conjunction with high acid-production potential and low organic matter content of waste materials on site. In addition, stockpiled topsoil at the site is acidic and biologically inactive due to long-term storage, and may not be suitable for plant growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic amendments (mushroom compost vs. biosolids) and topsoil (stockpiled vs. nonstockpiled) on aboveground biomass and plant trace element uptake. An on-site field study was established in 1995 to identify the most effective combination of treatments for successful reclamation of on-site waste rock materials. Incorporation of organic matter significantly increased aboveground biomass, with mushroom compost being more effective than biosolids, but did not significantly influence trace element uptake. Conversely, the use of topsoil did not affect aboveground biomass, but did influence trace element uptake. Treatments that received topsoil supported plant growth with significantly higher trace element tissue concentrations than treatments that did not receive topsoil. In general, it was found that waste rock could be directly revegetated when properly neutralized, fertilized, and amended with organic matter. Additionally, stockpiled topsoil, when neutralized with lime, supported plant growth equivalent to that on nonstockpiled topsoil.
萨米特维尔矿是位于科罗拉多州西南部的一座高海拔（3500米）金矿。该矿于1992年废弃，留下约200公顷受到扰动的土地，其中部分区域包括一个露天矿坑、一个氰化物堆浸垫和两个大型废石堆。由于极端气候条件，加上现场废料的高产酸潜力和低有机质含量，对这些矿山设施进行复垦具有挑战性。此外，现场储存的表土由于长期储存而呈酸性且生物活性低，可能不适用于植物生长。本研究的目的是评估有机改良剂（蘑菇堆肥与生物固体）和表土（储存的与未储存的）对地上生物量和植物微量元素吸收的影响。1995年开展了一项现场实地研究，以确定成功复垦现场废石材料的最有效处理组合。添加有机物质显著增加了地上生物量，蘑菇堆肥比生物固体更有效，但对微量元素吸收没有显著影响。相反，使用表土对地上生物量没有影响，但对微量元素吸收有影响。接受表土的处理所支持的植物生长，其组织中的微量元素浓度显著高于未接受表土的处理。总体而言，研究发现，废石经过适当中和、施肥和添加有机物质后可以直接进行植被恢复。此外，储存的表土在用石灰中和后，支持植物生长的效果与未储存的表土相当。
