Department of Geoecology, Saint Petersburg Mining University, 2, 21st Line V.O., Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, 199106.
Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany.
Environ Geochem Health. 2022 May;44(5):1581-1603. doi: 10.1007/s10653-021-00885-3. Epub 2021 Apr 9.
The highly rugged mountainous land topography of the Novorossiysk industrial agglomeration (NW Caucasus, Krasnodar Krai, Russia) and arid climate limit the restoration abilities of disturbed mine lands. Abandoned waste-rock dumps of a marl quarry occupy an area of ca. 150,000 m next to the cement plant, residential districts, and a commercial seaport. To assess the eco-risk, topsoil horizons of urban and mine-site Technosols and background Rendzinas were sampled and analyzed; measurements of particulate matter fractions PM1, PM2.5, PM4, and PM10 were conducted throughout the agglomeration. Fugitive dust emission from the unreclaimed marl dumps raises the PM2.5 content in the air by a factor of 2.68 on average. The high sorption capacity of the fine eluvium results in the accumulation of urban emissions by the dust and contributes to the subsequent soil pollution; the Cumulative Pollution Index of pedochemical anomalies reaches the high-risk level over the areas of up to 5 km. Environmental threats caused by the mine dumps can be assessed more reliably by means of land zoning based on accumulated environmental damage indicators and the debris flow and waterspout risk calculation. To abate the technogenic impact caused by the mine spoils, reclamation actions must be taken including soil stabilization on sensitive sites by application of geosynthetic cover, hydroseeding of the mixture of soil improvers and seeds of herbaceous plants on the slopes, and anti-erosion plantation of cades (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) and smoke trees (Cotinus coggygria Scop.) at subhorizontal surfaces.
新罗西斯克工业集聚区（俄罗斯克拉斯诺达尔边疆区北高加索地区）的高山地形和干旱气候限制了受干扰矿区的恢复能力。一个废弃的泥灰岩采石场的废石堆毗邻水泥厂、居民区和商业海港，占地约 15 万平方米。为了评估生态风险，对城市和矿区技术土壤和背景淋溶土的表土层进行了采样和分析；在整个集聚区进行了颗粒物分数 PM1、PM2.5、PM4 和 PM10 的测量。未开垦的泥灰岩堆的扬尘排放使空气中的 PM2.5 含量平均增加了 2.68 倍。细淋溶物的高吸附能力导致扬尘中城市排放物的积累，并导致随后的土壤污染；土壤地球化学异常累积污染指数在高达 5 公里的区域达到高风险水平。通过基于累积环境损害指标和泥石流和龙卷风风险计算的土地分区，可以更可靠地评估矿山堆造成的环境威胁。为了减轻矿山废料造成的人为影响，必须采取复垦措施，包括在敏感地点应用土工合成覆盖物稳定土壤，在斜坡上混合土壤改良剂和草本植物种子进行水力播种，以及在水平表面种植刺柏（ Juniperus oxycedrus L.）和烟树（ Cotinus coggygria Scop.）进行防侵蚀种植。
