Matheny A P, Dolan A B
Percept Mot Skills. 1975 Jun;40(3):855-8. doi: 10.2466/pms.1975.40.3.855.
76 pairs of 9- to 11-yr.-old twins (41 female, 35 male) who were discordant on the magnitude of error for the double trapezium illusion were given the Children's Personality Questionnaire and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). The Wilcoxon matched-pair signed-ranks test was used to determine whether the twins with relatively smaller magnitudes of error than their co-twins also manifested systematic differences on the personality factor scores and the WISC subtest scores. Among the female pairs, twins with smaller magnitudes of the illusion were relatively more stable (Factor C), more shrewd (Factor N), obtained higher scores on Similarities and Digit Span, and had longer reaction times before responding to the figures. Among the male pairs, similar trends were found but the differences were not as pronounced. The results are discussed in terms of Piaget's theory concerning children's deployment of attention and Kagan's reflective-impulsive dimension in children's cognitive judgments.
76对9至11岁的双胞胎（41名女性，35名男性）在双梯形错觉的误差大小上存在不一致，他们接受了儿童人格问卷和韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC）测试。采用威尔科克森配对符号秩检验来确定那些比其双胞胎兄弟姐妹误差幅度相对较小的双胞胎在人格因素得分和WISC子测试得分上是否也表现出系统性差异。在女性双胞胎对中，错觉幅度较小的双胞胎相对更稳定（C因子）、更精明（N因子），在相似性和数字广度测试中得分更高，并且在对图形做出反应之前的反应时间更长。在男性双胞胎对中也发现了类似趋势，但差异不那么明显。根据皮亚杰关于儿童注意力分配的理论以及卡根在儿童认知判断中的反思-冲动维度对结果进行了讨论。
