Macchi M Mila, Boulos Ziad, Ranney Thomas, Simmons Lucinda, Campbell Scott S
Institute for Circadian Physiology, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2002 Nov;34(6):825-34. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(01)00089-6.
The effects of an afternoon nap on alertness and psychomotor performance were assessed during a simulated night shift. After a night of partial sleep restriction, eight professional long-haul drivers either slept (nap condition) or engaged in sedentary activities (no-nap condition) from 14:00 to 17:00 h. Alertness and performance testing sessions were conducted at 12:00 (pre-nap baseline), 24:00, 02:30, 05:00 and 07:30 h, and followed 2-h runs in a driving simulator. In the nap condition, the subjects showed lower subjective sleepiness and fatigue, as measured by visual analog scales, and faster reaction times and less variability on psychomotor performance tasks. Electrophysiological indices of arousal during the driving runs also reflected the beneficial effects of the afternoon nap, with lower spectral activity in the theta (4-7.75 Hz), alpha (8-11.75 Hz) and fast theta-slow alpha (6-9.75 Hz) frequency bands of the electroencephalogram, indicating higher arousal levels. Thus, a 3-h napping opportunity ending at 17:00 h improved significantly several indices of alertness and performance measured 7-14 h later.
在模拟夜间轮班期间评估了午睡对警觉性和心理运动表现的影响。经过一夜的部分睡眠限制后，八名职业长途司机在14:00至17:00期间要么睡觉（午睡组），要么进行久坐活动（无午睡组）。在12:00（午睡前基线）、24:00、02:30、05:00和07:30进行警觉性和表现测试，并在驾驶模拟器中进行2小时的驾驶。在午睡组中，通过视觉模拟量表测量，受试者表现出较低的主观嗜睡和疲劳，并且在心理运动表现任务中的反应时间更快且变异性更小。驾驶过程中的觉醒电生理指标也反映了午睡的有益效果，脑电图的θ（4 - 7.75 Hz）、α（8 - 11.75 Hz）和快θ - 慢α（6 - 9.75 Hz）频段的频谱活动较低，表明觉醒水平较高。因此，在17:00结束的3小时午睡机会显著改善了7 - 14小时后测量的几个警觉性和表现指标。
