Asbeck I, Mast M, Bierwag A, Westenhöfer J, Acheson K J, Müller M J
Institut für Humanernährung und Lebensmittelkunde der Universität Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 17-19, Germany.
Public Health Nutr. 2002 Oct;5(5):683-90. doi: 10.1079/PHN2002337.
To assess the influence of different standards and restrained eating on underreporting in healthy, non-obese, weight-stable young subjects.
Eighty-three young adults (20-38 years, 55 women, 28 men) were assessed under weight-stable conditions with a 7-day dietary record and the three-factor eating questionnaire by Stunkard and Messick. Resting energy expenditure (REE; indirect calorimetry) plus data derived from physical activity records (PA) (Standard 1) or REE times an activity factor (AF) (Standard 2) was used as standard for total energy expenditure (TEE). For comparison, doubly labelled water (DLW) was used to measure TEE in a subgroup of subjects.
There was an association between self-reported energy intake and Standard 2 but not with Standard 1. When compared with DLW both calculated standards were inaccurate, but Standard 2 avoided high levels of overreporting. Using Standard 2 to identify 'severe' underreporting (SU; as defined by a deviation of energy intake (EI) and TEE of >20%), SU was seen in 37% of all subjects. It was more frequently found in women than in men (49% of women, 14.3% of men, ). Underreporting subjects had a reduced EI but there were no significant differences in nutritional status (body weight and height, body mass index, fat mass and fat-free mass), energy expenditure and the proportion of energy from macronutrients between normal and underreporting subjects. However, high restraint was associated with a higher degree of underreporting in the total group, whereas disinhibition had an influence only in men.
A high prevalence of SU is seen in non-obese subjects. Characteristics of eating behaviour (restraint and disinhibition) were associated with underreporting but seemed to have a different influence in men and women.
评估不同标准和节制饮食对健康、非肥胖、体重稳定的年轻受试者低报饮食情况的影响。
八十三名年轻人（20 - 38岁，55名女性，28名男性）在体重稳定的情况下接受评估，采用7天饮食记录和由斯图卡德和梅西克编制的三因素饮食问卷。静息能量消耗（REE；间接测热法）加上来自体力活动记录（PA）的数据（标准1）或REE乘以活动系数（AF）（标准2）被用作总能量消耗（TEE）的标准。为作比较，在一组受试者中使用双标水（DLW）测量TEE。
自我报告的能量摄入量与标准2之间存在关联，但与标准1无关。与DLW相比，两种计算标准都不准确，但标准2避免了高水平的高报情况。使用标准2来识别“严重”低报（SU；定义为能量摄入量（EI）与TEE的偏差>20%），在所有受试者中有37%被发现存在SU情况。在女性中比在男性中更常见（49%的女性，14.3%的男性）。低报饮食的受试者EI降低，但正常受试者与低报饮食受试者在营养状况（体重和身高、体重指数、脂肪量和去脂体重）能量消耗以及宏量营养素能量比例方面没有显著差异。然而，在整个组中，高度节制与更高程度的低报情况相关，而无节制仅对男性有影响。
在非肥胖受试者中SU的发生率很高。饮食行为特征（节制和无节制）与低报情况相关，但在男性和女性中似乎有不同影响。
