Martínez-Campillo Francisco, López Josefa, Verdú Mercedes, Andreu Mariano, Rigo María Vicenta
Sección de Epidemiología. Centro Salud Pública de Alicante. España.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2002 Oct;20(8):376-9. doi: 10.1016/s0213-005x(02)72822-x.
Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) has been identified as the cause of erythema infectiosum. The epidemiology of PVB19 has not been extensively studied in Spain or in the autonomic community of Valencia. The aim of this work is to describe an outbreak of PVB19 infection occurring in the area of Monforte del Cid, Alicante.
A probable case was defined as: all subjects living in Monforte who presented a rash (mainly facial) and/or arthralgia starting from November 1999. A confirmed case was defined as: a probable case confirmed by laboratory analysis or a case having an epidemiological link. Laboratory confirmation included specific IgG or IgM antibodies to PVB19. Cases were mainly detected through the Monforte del Cid Primary Health Care Center.
The outbreak occurred from November 1999 to August 2000. A total of 118 cases were detected, giving an overall attack rate (AR) of 23.2 cases per 1,000 inhabitants. The highest rates were in the age groups of 0-4 years old (AR 5 114.5 per 1,000) and 5-9 years old (AR 5 180.3 per 1,000). By gender, the AR per 1,000 inhabitants was 26.9 in men and 16.7 in women. Two of the cases were pregnant women and one of them had a miscarriage.
The outbreak of erythema infectiosum lasted 10 months and mainly affected children under 14 years old. Active surveillance was focussed on women in the first three months of pregnancy.
细小病毒B19（PVB19）已被确认为传染性红斑的病因。PVB19的流行病学在西班牙或巴伦西亚自治区尚未得到广泛研究。这项工作的目的是描述在阿利坎特省锡德堡地区发生的PVB19感染疫情。
疑似病例定义为：自1999年11月起居住在锡德堡且出现皮疹（主要为面部）和/或关节痛的所有人员。确诊病例定义为：经实验室分析确诊的疑似病例或有流行病学关联的病例。实验室确诊包括针对PVB19的特异性IgG或IgM抗体检测。病例主要通过锡德堡初级卫生保健中心发现。
疫情于1999年11月至2000年8月发生。共检测到118例病例，总体发病率为每1000名居民23.2例。发病率最高的年龄组为0 - 4岁（每1000人发病率为114.5）和5 - 9岁（每1000人发病率为180.3）。按性别划分，每1000名居民中男性发病率为26.9，女性为16.7。其中两例为孕妇，一例发生流产。
传染性红斑疫情持续了10个月，主要影响14岁以下儿童。主动监测重点关注怀孕前三个月的女性。
