Leander J D
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1976 Jul;198(1):4-11.
The effects of d-amphetamine, pentobarbital, chlorpromazine and promazine on responding under schedules of electric shock postponement were studied in pigeons. Responding was maintained by three different response-shock intervals (10, 20 and 60 seconds). Low doses (0.3-3 mg/kg) of d-amphetamine increased response rates without decreasing shock rates under all three response-shock intervals. The highest dose (10 mg/kg) of d-amphetamine increased the shock rates under all response-shock intervals and decreased the high response rate under the 10-second response-shock interval but did not decrease the lower rates of responding under the 20- and 60-second response-shock intervals. Pentobarbital decreased the high rate of responding maintained under the 10-second response-shock interval at lower dose (10 mg/kg) than the lower rates of under the 20- and 60-second response-shock intervals. The high dose (17.5 mg/kg) of pentobarbital decreased responding and the low doses (1-3 mg/kg) had no effect under all three response-shock intervals. Chlorpromazine (3-100 mg/kg) did not affect the average rate of responding under all response-shock intervals and only slightly increased shock rates under the 20- and 60-second response-shock intervals. Promazine (3-30 mg/kg) increased the rates of responding and decreased shock rates under all three response-shock intervals. Analysis of the temporal patterns of responding within the response-shock interval showed that d-amphetamine tended to induce the animals to respond earlier than they normally would in the response-shock interval while otherwise maintaining the temporal pattern of responding, pentobarbital decreased the probability of responses late in the response-shock interval, and chlorpromazine and promazine increased the probability of responses in the middle of the response-shock interval, producing a lessening of the temporal patterning of responding within the response-shock interval.
研究了右旋苯丙胺、戊巴比妥、氯丙嗪和丙嗪对鸽子在电击延迟程序下反应的影响。通过三种不同的反应-电击间隔（10秒、20秒和60秒）来维持反应。低剂量（0.3-3毫克/千克）的右旋苯丙胺在所有三种反应-电击间隔下均提高了反应率，且未降低电击率。最高剂量（10毫克/千克）的右旋苯丙胺在所有反应-电击间隔下均提高了电击率，并降低了10秒反应-电击间隔下的高反应率，但未降低20秒和60秒反应-电击间隔下较低的反应率。戊巴比妥在低于10秒反应-电击间隔下维持的高反应率时，以比20秒和60秒反应-电击间隔下较低反应率更低的剂量（10毫克/千克）降低了高反应率。高剂量（17.5毫克/千克）的戊巴比妥降低了反应，低剂量（1-3毫克/千克）在所有三种反应-电击间隔下均无影响。氯丙嗪（3-100毫克/千克）在所有反应-电击间隔下均未影响平均反应率，仅在20秒和60秒反应-电击间隔下略微提高了电击率。丙嗪（3-30毫克/千克）在所有三种反应-电击间隔下均提高了反应率并降低了电击率。对反应-电击间隔内反应的时间模式分析表明，右旋苯丙胺倾向于诱导动物在反应-电击间隔内比正常情况更早做出反应，同时保持反应的时间模式，戊巴比妥降低了反应-电击间隔后期反应的概率，氯丙嗪和丙嗪增加了反应-电击间隔中期反应的概率，从而减少了反应-电击间隔内反应的时间模式。
